Mother-daughter Relations and Clash of Cultures in Amy...

Amy Tan is an American Born Chinese, daughter of immigrants, and her family shares many features with the families depicted in her novels. Tans novels offer some glimpses of life in China while developing the themes of mother-daughter relations, cultural adaptation and women with a past. Tan’s novels share many themes and elements, but this paper will focus mainly on two episodes of the novel The Joy Luck Club: The Joy Luck Club and Waiting Between the Trees; and will make references to The Kitchens God Wife and The Hundred Secret Senses. In the first place, mother-daughter relations between Chinese mothers and ABC daughters are not easy ones in Tans novels. They are always problematic. Mothers want to bring up†¦show more content†¦This education, seen from the other side of the cultural gap, is what makes Lena see her mother as a weak person. Lena has a job, an American husband, she lives an American life, unlike her mother, who is attached to weird old disused Chinese traditions. But she herself is not happy, as her mother can see. Her husband is not as good as he might be: he exploits her, paying her a too low wage, never recognizes her contribution to their success as architects,... On the other hand, Ying- Ying marriage, although imperfect, is based on firmer grounds of respect and goodness towards each other than that of Lena. But the main problem between mothers and daughters in Amy Tans novels is the lack of communication. As will be discussed below, mothers usually have some terrible hidden secret, something that even her closest relatives ignore. In The Joy Luck Club is the fact that Suyuan Woo had been formerly married and had two lost children in China in The Kitchens God Wife, we have the same again; and, finally, in The Hundred Secret Senses, the father is the one who had a secret past life, but here also the relationship between mother and daughter are somewhat problematic. Olivia is not very close to her mother, who used to care more about finding an exotic partner than for her children. This lack of communication, nevertheless, is not exclusive to Chinese-American families. The generational gap can be detected in anyShow MoreRelatedAmy Tan Talks About The Clash Between Traditional And Contemporary Values1719 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"Two Kinds,† Amy Tan talks about the clash between traditional and contemporary values. The Chinese culture wants everything to be a certain way, but Tan grow up in around American culture and she was more likely to have her own thoughts rather than be an obedient daughter. This essay illustrates the procedure of character development of the second-generation Chinese immigrant daughters who experience differences between Chinese culture and American culture, such as language, culture and generational

Freedom in of Mice and Men - 821 Words

Theme: Freedom In Of Mice and Men, freedom is not necessarily a central point of the novel. It is a subtle theme which is constantly being mentioned or related to. You have to read between the lines in order to understand how the characters speech links to the theme. George and Lennie: Candy: Candy is immediately drawn in by the dream in Section three of the book when he overheard George and Lennie talking about it. This is probably because the thought of freedom barely every came into his head and never really seemed a reality to him. However, George is immediately protective over the topic and clearly would not have discussed it if he knew/remembered that Candy was there. We know this is true because they both jumped when they†¦show more content†¦If he was alone, he could live so easy, get a job an work, go into town and get whatever I want and could eat any place. Candy Candy is immediately drawn in by the dream in Section three of the book when he overheard George and Lennie talking about it. This is probably because the thought of freedom barely every came into his head and never really seemed a reality to him. However, George is immediately protective over the topic and clearly would not have discussed it if he knew/remembered that Candy was there. We know this is true because they both jumped when they heard him speak. Candy also has a much worse future than the others due to him only having one hand and his oldShow MoreRelatedFreedom is Never Give, It is Won in John Steinbecks Novel, Of Mice and Men571 Words   |  2 Pagesâ€Å"Freedom is never given; it is won.†- Philip Randolph. Freedom is a battle in America even though America known for the land of the free, there are those who are losing this battle. John Steinbecks novella Of Mice and Men portrays those who are discriminate against with the characters Curleys Wife and Crooks. Curleys Wife is the only woman on the ranch while Crooks is the only African-American there. Through out the book it shows how the two of them endure loneliness, discrimination and prejudiceRead MoreOf Mice and Men Argumentative Essay1115 Words   |  5 PagesEssay Prompt: John Steinbeck’s novel, Of Mice and Men, has a controversial history. It has been repeatedly banned by school boards. Why might this book have been banned? Is such an action justifi ed? In a five-paragraph essay, take a position for or against banning this novel. Use your three body paragraphs to develop each of three reasons for or against banning the novel. The Lost Portion of Human Society Right from the beginning of human civilization, books had become the vital flame that ignitedRead MoreOf Mice and Men and Into the Wild Essay825 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿Steinbeck’s ‘Of Mice and Men’ and Sean Penn’s ‘Into the Wild’ explore the fundamental themes of freedom, companionship and following your ambitions. 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This is done by using George and Lennie and their dream of landownershipRead MoreJohn Steinbeck s Of Mice And Men993 Words   |  4 Pagesa classic is its ability to stand the test of time. This is true for John Steinbeck’s Of Mice and Men, which tells the story of two men, practically brothers, and one has to meet a tragic end at the hand of the other. Criminal Minds is a hit television series that often broadcasts a specific message, just like it did in the episode To Hell...and Back. The similarities between John Steinbeck’s Of Mice and Men and the Criminal Minds episode To Hell...and Back are shown through the elements of characterRead MoreIn Dubious Battle Essay1068 Words   |  5 Pagesworkers face this tyranny as well. This relentless dictatorship causes men to live in fear for their own lives. Men struggle to abide by these strict and inhumane rulings. In most scenarios, man recognizes that there is no easy way out. Consequentially, a rebellion remains to be the only option. 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Journalist Carlin Flora suggests the following, â€Å"While not all claims to humanity are universal and no one context, culture or continent can truly represent all peoples, the following three examples from very different contexts, cultures and continents show that some violations of women’s human rights are universal. In particular, it is still the case the world over that a woman’s reproductive rights, which impact on her right to life, are stillRead MoreThe American Dream A Raisin Through The Sun, Of Mice And Men, And I Have A Dream887 Words   |  4 Pagesevent because it was the first laws of agreement established after the pilgrims came to America. It was the first form of self-governing and freedom for America† (Internet). In July 4, 1776 the Declaration of Independence was written by Thomas Jefferson declaring freedoms from the Great Britain. The purpose of the Bill of Rights is to provide specific freedoms to citizens and limiting the government’s power. During 1929- 1939 The Great Depression occurred many people lost their jobs and become homelessRead MoreOf Mice and Men and American Dream863 Words   |  4 PagesHopes and dreams are important in ‘Of Mice and Men.’ Not is it important to the characters of the story itself, it is the theme of the novel. In this essay I will talk about the hopes and dreams of the main ensemble and also about the conte xt of the novel, the American Dream and the Great Depression on the 1930’s. I will also talk about the poem Steinbeck based the book’s title off and how important it is to the book’s overall theme. The dream of attaining land and – ultimately – happiness is

Research Journal Of Finance And Accounting â€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Research Journal Of Finance And Accounting? Answer: Introducation In the 21st century, management accounting practices in Australia shifted from creating value for customers and shareholders and organizational innovation to creation of value for stakeholder, management of risks and sustainability reporting. There are multiple risks which are involved in the business processes of a company. Risk can pose serious threats to the resources of practices. Unlike early 1980s and 1990s management accounting practices in Australia focused on risk management by either minimizing the risk or eliminating risks. Management accounting practices in Australia aim to create value for stakeholders by shifting focus from profitability during a shorter span of time to aiming to accomplish prosperity in the long run. Management accounting practices in Australia do not focus only on creating profit for shareholders but also focuses on corporate governance and corporate social responsibility so that firms can return value to stakeholders of business and thus can achieve long term sustainability. Management accounting practices have introduced models like Stakeholder Value Model (STV) and Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) models in Australia. Organizations and firms are no more viewed as microscopic organizations in Australia with the advent of globalization and management accounting practices have changed from 1990s and 2000 and have adopted a contemporary approach (Birt et al., 2014). Discussion In early 1980s and 1990s management accounting practices ignored the consequences that business have on society and environment. Social accounting practices have emerged in Australia and firms no longer focus on only economic performance (Cantrell, Kyriazis Noble, 2015). Management accountants must provide information on development of stakeholders. Thus in Australia, management accounting practices has incorporated Stakeholder Value Model where appropriate management practices and strategies are followed and there is core commitment to humanistic values in organization. A flexible and supportive organization structure and an open model of communication help management accounting practices to create value for stakeholders in AustraliaThe economic approach of corporate governance focuses on enhancing the competitive position of the firm which helps manager to achieve short term success. However the implementation of the STV model in management accounting practices focuses on both per formance which is good financially and enhances the commitment of an enterprise towards fair accounting practices and equity (Tucker Schaltegger, 2016). The firms in Australia incorporates STV model in accounting practices by identifying its primary stakeholders and addressing their issues and concerns immediately, secondary stakeholders are addressed ethically. In modern days management accounting practices in firms in Australia focuses on allocating resources efficiently and achieves better control by providing information about society and environment (Kang Gray, 2013).. The accounting system in Australia focuses on Sustainability accounting practices in modern days. Sustainability reporting comprises of multiple arenas like non-financial reporting, corporate social responsibility, environmental and social accounting practices. Sustainability report provides information about integrated report which reveals how value is created by a firm on short, medium and long term. The information about sustainability is disclosed to public by Australian firms. Thus analysts and investors in Australia focus on long-term performance of a firm and addresses sustainability issues like greenhouse gas emission and corporate responsibility (Higgins, Milne Van Gramberg, 2015). Reports of sustainability are jointly formed by members of Boards of Australian firms and investment analysts. Earlier only public companies in Australia focused on sustainability reporting but in modern days sustainability reports are also prepared and disclosed by private enterprises in Austral ia. Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) helps in comparing the sustainability reports of companies belonging to a specific industry in Australia. Climate change plays a vital role in sustainability reporting in Australia. Companies ensure to be neutral to carbon and focus on development of products which are less carbon intensive. The investment value of a firm is impacted by this sustainability report. Top 100 public companies in Australia have 48 % sustainability reporting and 47% sustainability reporting is provided by top 100 private companies in Australia. The trend on publishing stand-alone sustainability reports is popular among companies in Australia which is separate from the annual reports of the company (Bachoo, Tan Wilson, 2013). The regulations of accounting systems in Australia manage risk faced by organizations by providing reliable and timely information. The accounting practices have become technical and complicated. A risk management framework is adopted by Australian firms in modern days for effective control and mitigation of risks faced by business processes of Australian enterprises. Key organization risks can be risk of governance, risk of business continuity and risk in succession planning, risks imposed by stakeholders and technology and other financial risks. Risks can also be imposed to firms in Australia by regulatory changes and human resources and the system of operation of firms. The accounting practices to handle risks hugely depend on the size and the practices of operation followed by an Australian firm. It is of paramount importance to monitor the policies and practices of risk management of an enterprise to align the risk management process with the accounting practices of an enterpris e in Australia The Risk Management Framework will have direct impact on the partners of a firm. The system of leadership and clear communication of risk management process across all levels in an organization helps firms in Australia to manage, eliminate and mitigate risks effectively (Chung Hensher, 2015). The Risk Management framework of a firm is reviewed regularly, at least annually by business leaders in Australia. Proper documentation of the risk management process is also important so that the policies and procedures of risk management can be clearly communicated to the personnel of a firm (Wadeson Ciccotosto, 2013). The effective management of risks by accounting practices in Australia helps in maintaining the reputation of a firm. Blind spots and deficiencies can be identified better by an organization if Risk Management Framework is effectively implemented and integrated with the accounting practices in Australia (Brown, Steen Foreman, 2009). Changes In Focus Of Management Accounting Function The management accounting function has changed focus. Organizational innovation, economic profitability, creating value for shareholders and stakeholders were the prime focus of management accounting firms in 1980 and 1990s.The principle of accounting practices by firms in Australia was greatly influenced by Great Britain in earlier days and there was absence of a single professional institution also desired results of accounting practices were not achieved by firms of Australia because of absence of co-operation among accounting bodies in Australia that existed in earlier days(Considine et al. , 2012). In twentieth century, management accountants were involved in managerial decision making, they were show the big picture of the firm and were involved in decision making process of the organization. Management accountants also had a holistic approach towards an organization, they demonstrated complete understanding of the requirements of an organization and also helped managers to achieve competitive advantage. In the second part of twentieth century there were two major professional bodies which handled accounting practices of enterprises in Australia. These two professional bodies were Institute of Chartered Accountants in Australia (ICAA) and CPA Australia. The Australian Accounting Research Foundation (AARF) promoted research in accounting in Australia with the medium of Accounting Standard Boards (AcSB). In earlier days there was implementation in promoting accounting practices as each state in Australia had its own company law. The Accounting Standard Review Board (ASRB) was fo rmed in Australia in the year 1984 which was responsible to review accounting standards. However this board did not continue for long and was replaced by Australian Accounting Standards Board (AASB) in the year 1989. In the year 1990s, huge pressure was imposed by boards like Australian Stock Exchange to align accounting practices in Australia to the accounting practices followed internationally. This was a result of economic globalization. In modern days accounting standards in Australia are determined by the International Accounting Standards Board ( IASB). Thus it can be clearly stated that accounting has achieved a strong position in the 21st century in economic framework of Australia. Urgent Issues Group was created in Australia which provided a quick and prompt solution to difficulties of accounting practices which was a result of difference in opinion of accounting standards (Henderson et al., 2014). Thus it can be clearly understood how the accounting practices in Australia has changed from 1980s to 2000 to the 21st century. The accounting firms in Australia focus towards creating value for both primary and secondary stakeholders, both public and private organizations in Australia publish sustainability reports which addresses issues like climate change and other environmental issues and management accounting practices also focus on management of risks. It can be clearly understood that focus of Australian accounting practices shifted from just a good economic performance of the firm and firms introduced on non-financial performance by adopting approaches like Stakeholder Value Model and focusing on corporate governance and corporate social responsibility. In order to gain prosperity for business on a long term perspective, management accountants have shifted focus from creating value for shareholders and customers to create value for all stakeholders of business. In Australia, both public and private enterprises focus on accounting practices on environmental accounting and have shifted focus to sustainability and corporate social responsibility (Horngren, 2013). Disclosure reports are published by company on opportunities for equal employment, safety of work environment, product and industry and aim to provide better working conditions for employees. Accounting systems of public and private enterprises in Australia provide data related to these topics so that reports of disclosure can be published by companies. Contemporary accounting practices in Australia focuses on four major arenas which include growth and learning, internal business process, performance related to finance and customers. On modern days companies perform Strategic audits which are quite different from audits which are financial in nature. In strategic audits, all strategic functions of a firm are reviewed. Value based reporting are adopted by many public enterprises in Australia which focuses on social governance, issues related to environment, framework of empowerment and economics. Thus there is sustainable change in focus of management accounting functions in Australia (Hoggett, 2012). Practical Examples From Annual Reports Of Companies Currently Operating In Australi The change in focus of management accounting functions can be clearly seen from the annual report of National Australia Bank Limited. The primary stakeholders of the bank are customers, community, suppliers, employees and shareholders. The firm has adopted an ESG framework while publishing its annual report in the year 2016. The ESG framework comprises of themes related to environment, society and governance. Surveys from primary stakeholders of the bank are conducted every year and feedback from stakeholders like employees and community members are taken. The bank also creates a supporting work environment for his stakeholders (National Australian Bank, 2017) From the annual report of Wesfarmers it is clearly evident that the company focuses on creating value for stakeholder and publishes sustainability report. The company focuses on risk management which includes operational risks, risks related to strategy, financial risks and regulatory risks. Though the company focuses on creating value for shareholders but issues related to people and sourcing networks of the company, issues related to environment and governance are also addressed by the firm as evident from its annual report published in the year 2016(WESFARMERS, 2017) It is also evident from the annual report of Coles that the company focuses on risk management. The focus is on mitigation of risks on supply chain of fuel, risks related to retention of employees. The leading supermarket in Australia focuses on creating value for all its primary stakeholders which include customers who can avail fresh stocks from Coles at lower prices. Coles also focuses on environmental issues and creates value for all its suppliers. Sustainability reports are published by the company and all management accounting practices have shifted from just mere profitability and financial performance (Coles, 2017) Conclusion It can be concluded that, in the global world, the accounting system of Australia has demonstrated major changes. Companies focus on long term profit and thus focus of management accountants have shifted from creating value for shareholders and customers to sustainability reports, creation of value for stakeholders which include both primary and secondary stakeholders and risk management. It is evident from the annual reports of existing companies of Australia published in the year 2016 like National Australia Bank, Wesfarmers and Coles that the companies mange risks effectively and publishes sustainability reports, addresses concern for environment, CSR and creates vale for stakeholders. References Bachoo, K., Tan, R., Wilson, M. (2013). Firm value and the quality of sustainability reporting in australia.Australian Accounting Review,23(1), 67-87. doi:10.1111/j.1835-2561.2012.00187.x Brown, I., Steen, A., Foreman, J. (2009). Risk management in corporate governance: A review and proposal.Corporate Governance: An International Review,17(5), 546-558. doi:10.1111/j.1467-8683.2009.00763.x Cantrell, J., Kyriazis, E., Noble, G. (2015). Developing cSR giving as a dynamic capability for salient stakeholder management.Journal of Business Ethics,130(2), 403-421. doi:10.1007/s10551-014-2229-1 Chung, D., Hensher, D. (2015). Risk management in public-Private partnerships.Australian Accounting Review,25(1), 13-27. doi:10.1111/auar.12062 Higgins, C., Milne, M., Van Gramberg, B. (2015). The uptake of sustainability reporting in australia.Journal of Business Ethics,129(2), 445-468. doi:10.1007/s10551-014-2171-2 Kang, H., Gray, S. J. (2013). Segment reporting practices in australia: Has ifrs 8 made a difference?Australian Accounting Review,23(3), 232-243. doi:10.1111/j.1835-2561.2012.00173.x Tucker, B. P., Schaltegger, S. (2016).Comparing the research-practice gap in management accounting: A view from professional accounting bodies in australia and germany.Accounting, Auditing and Accountability Journal,29(3), 362-400. doi:10.1108/AAAJ-02-2014-1601 Wadeson, D., Ciccotosto, S. (2013). Succession planning in small accounting practices in regional far north queensland.Australian Accounting Review,23(2), 177-188. doi:10.1111/j.1835-2561.2012.00189.x Birt, J., Chalmers, K., Moroney, S., Brooks, A., Oliver, J. (2014).Accounting business reporting for decision making(Fifth edition. ed.). Milton, Qld.: John Wiley and Sons Australia. coles. (2017).coles.com.au/. Retrieved 15 September 2017, from https://www.coles.com.au/about-coles/annual-reports Considine, B., Parkes, A., Olesen, K., Blount, Y., Speer, D. (2012).Accounting information systems : Understanding business processes(4th ed. ed.). Milton, Qld.: John Wiley Sons Australia. Henderson, S., Peirson, G., Herbohn, K., Artiach, T., Howieson, B. (2014).Issues in financial accounting(15th edition. ed.). Frenchs Forest, N.S.W.: Pearson Australia Hoggett, J. (2012).Accounting(8th ed. ed.). Milton, Qld.: John Wiley and Sons Australia. Horngren, C. (2013).Accounting(7th adaptation ed. ed.). Frenchs Forest, N.S.W.: Pearson Australia. National Australian Bank. (2017).nab.com.au/. Retrieved 15 September 2017, from https://www.nab.com.au/ WESFARMERS. (2017).wesfarmers.com.au/. Retrieved 15 September 2017, from https://www.wesfarmers.com.au/

Memory by analogy Hiroshima mon amour

Introduction The purpose of this report is to critically review the article, â€Å"Memory by analogy: Hiroshima mon amour† by Nancy Wood. The article revolves around the memorable events that took place in Hiroshima and Nagasaki as a result of the atomic bombing.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Memory by analogy: Hiroshima mon amour specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Article critique The article is influential in that it uses images to revisit the traumatic events of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. As the author has rightly noted, the use of a love affair makes the film captivating (Wood 185). It is quite painful to recall the events that took place in Japan during the Second World War in the aftermath of the atomic bombing of the cities of Nagasaki and Hiroshima. This trauma is inscribed in Elle’s memory which shows the pain and the destruction that took place. This has been supported by Kedward and Wood (3 09) who added that the analogies have been drawn between collective commemoration and personal memories of the atomic bombing. The article has also celebrated the issue of love. Wood (185) notes that people misjudged Elle’s love affair. They thought that she betrayed both, her town and her nation, because of falling in love with a German soldier (Madella 3). The author pairs the horror and traumatic events with a love story, thereby making the analogy both disturbing and surprising (Lammarre 1). The theme of memory (Madella 2) as elaborated by Saito (353) is used to portray collective identity. Historical circumstances are reconstructed through collective memories which assist in defining people’s collective identity. Although collective memory can be painful, it is useful in the sense that it assists us in conceptualizing history (Saito 353). Wood (191) notes that although people may fail to notice the importance of women like Elle, her memories help reveal the truth about what befell Japan and her as well (Walden 5). The author gives a view of the processes people undergo after an incident as they try to forget the past. It also shows the importance of letting go of the past even under circumstances whereby it is very hard to forget past memories. The major weakness of the article is that the author repeatedly makes the traumatic events more dreadful as it is painted all over the article. The major strength of the article is that the writer attributes the bombing as the reason why the Second World War ended (Woods 187; Hogan 1). The prose and the explanation of the bombing is useful as it captures the reader’s attention, thereby encouraging him/her to continue reading in order to know the truth.Advertising Looking for report on asian? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In my personal opinion, the article is well written, precise and elaborate. In addition, it gives an overview of the traumatic experiences and sad memories of the atomic bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. The capture of the past events and converting them into a speech or analogy is also captivating. Nonetheless, the film analogy generates a bit of unease, especially on the atomic annihilation that took place at Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Overall, I feel that the author’s analyses and critic on the film touches on all the different dimensions that need to be reviewed. Conclusion The article is easy to read and informative. In addition, the author has also tried her best to analyze the film, thereby depicting how the events took place. Works Cited Hogan, Michael J. Hiroshima in History and Memory. Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press, 1996. Print. Kedward, H R, and Nancy Wood. The Liberation of France: Image and Event. Oxford: Berg, 1995. Print. Lamarre, Thomas. â€Å"Trauma by Analogy. canlit.ca.† Canadian Literature, 8 Dec. 2011. Web. Madella, Alessandra. â€Å"The Woman Condition: Love a nd Technology In Hiroshima Mon Amour. PDF files. 21 Nov. 2012. https://ir.uiowa.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?referer=httpsredir=1article=2629context=etd.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Memory by analogy: Hiroshima mon amour specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Saito, Hiro. â€Å"Reiterated Commemoration: Hiroshima as National Trauma.† Sociological Theory 24.4 (2006): 353-3376. Print. Walden, Jenny. Hiroshima Mon Amour inscription on the body and the promise of justice. University of Portsmouth UK. 2010. Wood, Nancy. Vectors of Memory. Oxford: Berg, 1999. Print. This report on Memory by analogy: Hiroshima mon amour was written and submitted by user Vera Payne to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Protest Movements essays

Protest Movements essays Inequality based on race and class appears to be elements of capitalist democracy common to American society throughout its history. Various womens and philanthropic organizations engaged in protest during the Great Depression and afterward, lobbying for reforms to aid the impoverished, children, and laborers. However, protest movements demonstrated a growing radicalism as the twentieth century unfolded. Labor protests often turned violent as unions and their representatives clashed with strikebreakers and even thugs paid by companies. The same was true with the Civil Rights protests that erupted during the 1960s. Militant groups like the Black Panthers and black leaders like Malcolm X promoted any means necessary to bring about justice and equality for African Americans, even if it meant violence. In contrast to these more violent and radical forms of protest, however, Martin Luther King Jr. adopted a form of non-violent protest modeled on Gandhis passive resistance that had h elped free India from British rule. In Why We Cant Wait, Martin Luther King Jr. provides an explanation of the origins of nonviolent protest and how it offers those who adhere to it in significant numbers the tools necessary to bring about social change. As King (12) asserts, the form of nonviolent protest that helped lead to the passage of the Civil Rights Act was one that was honed through various protests, Tested in Montgomery during the winter of 1955-56, and toughened throughout the South in the eight ensuing years, nonviolent resistance had become, by 1963, the logical force in the greatest mass-action crusade for freedom that has ever occurred. The Birmingham campaign resulted in King being sent to jail at one point, demonstrating that nonviolent resistance asks for sacrifice and commitment from those who adhere to it if it is to be effective. In contrast to Kings peaceful methods of protest, others like Ma...

Tips for Applying to Clinical Psychology PhD Programs

Tips for Applying to Clinical Psychology PhD Programs Clinical psychology is the most popular and competitive area of study in psychology, and arguably the most competitive of graduate programs in all social and hard sciences. Counseling psychology is a close second. If you hope to study either of these fields you must be on your game. Even the best applicants dont get into all of their top choices and some dont get into any. How do you improve your odds of gaining admission to a graduate program in clinical or counseling psychology? Obtain Excellent GRE Scores This one is a no-brainer. Your scores on the Graduate Record Exam will make or break your doctoral application in competitive fields like clinical and counseling psychology. High GRE scores are important because many clinical and counseling doctoral programs receive hundreds of applications. When a graduate program receives more than 500 applications, the admissions committee looks for ways to weed out applicants. GRE scores are a common way of narrowing the applicant pool. Excellent GRE scores not only gain you admittance to graduate school, but they may also get you funding. For example, applicants with high GRE quantitative scores might be offered teaching assistantships in statistics or a research assistantship with a faculty member. Get Research Experience Applicants to graduate school in clinical and counseling psychology need research experience. Many students believe that applied experience working with people will help their application. They look for internships, practica, and volunteer experiences. Unfortunately applied experience is useful only in small doses. Instead doctoral programs, specifically Ph.D. programs, look for research experience and research experience trumps all other extracurricular activities. Research experience is out of class experience conducting research under the supervision of a faculty member. It usually begins with working on a professors research. Volunteer to help in any way needed. This might include administering surveys, entering data, and looking up research articles. It often also includes tasks like copying and collating papers. Competitive applicants design and carry out independent studies under the supervision of a faculty member. Ideally, some of your research will be presented at undergraduate and regional conferences, and perhaps even published in an undergraduate journal. Understand the Value of Research Experience Research experience shows that you can think like a scientist, problem solve, and understand how to ask and answer scientific questions. Faculty look for students who show a good fit to their research interests, can contribute to their lab, and is competent. Research experience suggests a baseline skill level and is an indicator of your ability to succeed in the program and complete a dissertation. Some applicants gain research experience by earning a masters degree in a research-oriented field such as experimental psychology. This option often appeals to students with little preparation or low-grade point averages as supervised experience with a faculty member highlights your potential to become a researcher. Know the Field Not all clinical and counseling doctoral programs are the same. There are three classes of clinical and counseling doctoral programs: ScientistScientist-practitionerPractitioner-scholar They differ in the relative weight given to training in research and practice. Students in scientist programs earn PhDs and are trained exclusively as scientists; no training is offered in practice. Scientist-practitioner programs train students in both science and practice. Most students earn PhDs and are trained as scientists as well as practitioners and learn to apply scientific approaches and techniques to practice. Practitioner-scholar programs train students to be practitioners rather than researchers. Students earn a PsyD and receive extensive training in therapeutic techniques. Match the Program Know the difference between a Ph.D. and PsyD. Choose the type of program that youd like to attend, whether it emphasizes research, practice, or both. Do your homework. Know each graduate programs training emphases. Admissions committees look for applicants whose interests match their training emphases. Apply to a scientist program and explain that your professional goals lie in private practice and youll receive a rejection letter instantly. Ultimately you cannot control the admission committees decision, but you can choose a program that fits you well, and you present yourself in the best light possible.

John Paul II Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

John Paul II - Essay Example While the NE is a doctrine and set of ideas that was put forward by John Paul II in the early 1990's, the roots of this belong in the establishment of the Second Vatican Council (1962) and in documents like the LUMEN GENTIUM (1964)[1]. In the broadest terms, it can be said that the Second Vatican Council or Vatican II was the Catholic Church's attempt to adapt and assimilate some of modernity or modernism. For instance, one of the changes or transformations that most Catholics are likely aware of, is that Mass is no longer required to be in Latin. The significance of this historically is rather rich. The very Reformation which split the Catholic Church in the Sixteen Century, partially happened because of a new movement to bring the Bible into the vernacular or to the language of the people [2]. And, while the Bible had made it into the languages that common people spoke many centuries earlier, Mass continued to be conducted in Latin until 1962: "Since these duties, so very necessary to the life of the Church, can be fulfilled only with difficulty in many regions in accordance with the discipline of the Latin Church as it exists today" [3]. Another aspect of the NE that is both central, and which has its roots in Vatican II and the the Lumen Gentium, is the incorporation of lay individuals into the body and mission of the Church. That is, viewing lay people as not just the object of being converted or taught, but as valuable members of the community who have a contribution to make in spreading the word, so to speak: "every layman, in virtue of the very gifts bestowed upon him, is at the same time a witness and a living instrument of the mission of the Church itself 'according to the measure of Christ's bestowal'" [4]. Compare this remark with what John Paul II says about the NE: Today, in particular, the pressing pastoral task of the new evangelization calls for involvement of the entire people of God, and requires a new fervor, new methods and a new expression for the announcing and witnessing of the gospel [5]. The first important and general dimension of the NE, and as it relates to changes in the Catholic Church since the early 1960's, is the inclusiveness, and a less hierarchal approach to the ministry of the Church. However, where Vatican II and the Lumen Gentium are a way of accommodating or assimilating modernism to some extent, the NE as established by John Paul II is succinct insofar as it can be said to be a set of ideas that is actually reactionary modernism or modernization. By reactionary, it is not implied in terms of having as its object Catholic doctrine, rather, society itself. One of the concerns of the NE, is increased secularization, a decrease in the basic lay understanding of the tenets of Christianity, and Catholic Catechism. As John Paul II's assistant states on the subject of his concern with secularization in Western Europe that it was "gradually drifting further and further from its roots and so from its histor y and culture" [6]. This is a perspective about secularization, according to one of John Paul's biographer's that began in the post-war period of the late 1940's and early 1950's, and as far back as then he viewed: "new forms of pastoral activity open to a broader participation by the laity" [7]. Although there is a lot in common between the