Mother-daughter Relations and Clash of Cultures in Amy...

Amy Tan is an American Born Chinese, daughter of immigrants, and her family shares many features with the families depicted in her novels. Tans novels offer some glimpses of life in China while developing the themes of mother-daughter relations, cultural adaptation and women with a past. Tan’s novels share many themes and elements, but this paper will focus mainly on two episodes of the novel The Joy Luck Club: The Joy Luck Club and Waiting Between the Trees; and will make references to The Kitchens God Wife and The Hundred Secret Senses. In the first place, mother-daughter relations between Chinese mothers and ABC daughters are not easy ones in Tans novels. They are always problematic. Mothers want to bring up†¦show more content†¦This education, seen from the other side of the cultural gap, is what makes Lena see her mother as a weak person. Lena has a job, an American husband, she lives an American life, unlike her mother, who is attached to weird old disused Chinese traditions. But she herself is not happy, as her mother can see. Her husband is not as good as he might be: he exploits her, paying her a too low wage, never recognizes her contribution to their success as architects,... On the other hand, Ying- Ying marriage, although imperfect, is based on firmer grounds of respect and goodness towards each other than that of Lena. But the main problem between mothers and daughters in Amy Tans novels is the lack of communication. As will be discussed below, mothers usually have some terrible hidden secret, something that even her closest relatives ignore. In The Joy Luck Club is the fact that Suyuan Woo had been formerly married and had two lost children in China in The Kitchens God Wife, we have the same again; and, finally, in The Hundred Secret Senses, the father is the one who had a secret past life, but here also the relationship between mother and daughter are somewhat problematic. Olivia is not very close to her mother, who used to care more about finding an exotic partner than for her children. This lack of communication, nevertheless, is not exclusive to Chinese-American families. The generational gap can be detected in anyShow MoreRelatedAmy Tan Talks About The Clash Between Traditional And Contemporary Values1719 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"Two Kinds,† Amy Tan talks about the clash between traditional and contemporary values. The Chinese culture wants everything to be a certain way, but Tan grow up in around American culture and she was more likely to have her own thoughts rather than be an obedient daughter. This essay illustrates the procedure of character development of the second-generation Chinese immigrant daughters who experience differences between Chinese culture and American culture, such as language, culture and generational

Freedom in of Mice and Men - 821 Words

Theme: Freedom In Of Mice and Men, freedom is not necessarily a central point of the novel. It is a subtle theme which is constantly being mentioned or related to. You have to read between the lines in order to understand how the characters speech links to the theme. George and Lennie: Candy: Candy is immediately drawn in by the dream in Section three of the book when he overheard George and Lennie talking about it. This is probably because the thought of freedom barely every came into his head and never really seemed a reality to him. However, George is immediately protective over the topic and clearly would not have discussed it if he knew/remembered that Candy was there. We know this is true because they both jumped when they†¦show more content†¦If he was alone, he could live so easy, get a job an work, go into town and get whatever I want and could eat any place. Candy Candy is immediately drawn in by the dream in Section three of the book when he overheard George and Lennie talking about it. This is probably because the thought of freedom barely every came into his head and never really seemed a reality to him. However, George is immediately protective over the topic and clearly would not have discussed it if he knew/remembered that Candy was there. We know this is true because they both jumped when they heard him speak. Candy also has a much worse future than the others due to him only having one hand and his oldShow MoreRelatedFreedom is Never Give, It is Won in John Steinbecks Novel, Of Mice and Men571 Words   |  2 Pagesâ€Å"Freedom is never given; it is won.†- Philip Randolph. Freedom is a battle in America even though America known for the land of the free, there are those who are losing this battle. John Steinbecks novella Of Mice and Men portrays those who are discriminate against with the characters Curleys Wife and Crooks. Curleys Wife is the only woman on the ranch while Crooks is the only African-American there. Through out the book it shows how the two of them endure loneliness, discrimination and prejudiceRead MoreOf Mice and Men Argumentative Essay1115 Words   |  5 PagesEssay Prompt: John Steinbeck’s novel, Of Mice and Men, has a controversial history. It has been repeatedly banned by school boards. Why might this book have been banned? Is such an action justifi ed? In a five-paragraph essay, take a position for or against banning this novel. Use your three body paragraphs to develop each of three reasons for or against banning the novel. The Lost Portion of Human Society Right from the beginning of human civilization, books had become the vital flame that ignitedRead MoreOf Mice and Men and Into the Wild Essay825 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿Steinbeck’s ‘Of Mice and Men’ and Sean Penn’s ‘Into the Wild’ explore the fundamental themes of freedom, companionship and following your ambitions. 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This is done by using George and Lennie and their dream of landownershipRead MoreJohn Steinbeck s Of Mice And Men993 Words   |  4 Pagesa classic is its ability to stand the test of time. This is true for John Steinbeck’s Of Mice and Men, which tells the story of two men, practically brothers, and one has to meet a tragic end at the hand of the other. Criminal Minds is a hit television series that often broadcasts a specific message, just like it did in the episode To Hell...and Back. The similarities between John Steinbeck’s Of Mice and Men and the Criminal Minds episode To Hell...and Back are shown through the elements of characterRead MoreIn Dubious Battle Essay1068 Words   |  5 Pagesworkers face this tyranny as well. This relentless dictatorship causes men to live in fear for their own lives. Men struggle to abide by these strict and inhumane rulings. In most scenarios, man recognizes that there is no easy way out. Consequentially, a rebellion remains to be the only option. 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Journalist Carlin Flora suggests the following, â€Å"While not all claims to humanity are universal and no one context, culture or continent can truly represent all peoples, the following three examples from very different contexts, cultures and continents show that some violations of women’s human rights are universal. In particular, it is still the case the world over that a woman’s reproductive rights, which impact on her right to life, are stillRead MoreThe American Dream A Raisin Through The Sun, Of Mice And Men, And I Have A Dream887 Words   |  4 Pagesevent because it was the first laws of agreement established after the pilgrims came to America. It was the first form of self-governing and freedom for America† (Internet). In July 4, 1776 the Declaration of Independence was written by Thomas Jefferson declaring freedoms from the Great Britain. The purpose of the Bill of Rights is to provide specific freedoms to citizens and limiting the government’s power. During 1929- 1939 The Great Depression occurred many people lost their jobs and become homelessRead MoreOf Mice and Men and American Dream863 Words   |  4 PagesHopes and dreams are important in ‘Of Mice and Men.’ Not is it important to the characters of the story itself, it is the theme of the novel. In this essay I will talk about the hopes and dreams of the main ensemble and also about the conte xt of the novel, the American Dream and the Great Depression on the 1930’s. I will also talk about the poem Steinbeck based the book’s title off and how important it is to the book’s overall theme. The dream of attaining land and – ultimately – happiness is

Research Journal Of Finance And Accounting â€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Research Journal Of Finance And Accounting? Answer: Introducation In the 21st century, management accounting practices in Australia shifted from creating value for customers and shareholders and organizational innovation to creation of value for stakeholder, management of risks and sustainability reporting. There are multiple risks which are involved in the business processes of a company. Risk can pose serious threats to the resources of practices. Unlike early 1980s and 1990s management accounting practices in Australia focused on risk management by either minimizing the risk or eliminating risks. Management accounting practices in Australia aim to create value for stakeholders by shifting focus from profitability during a shorter span of time to aiming to accomplish prosperity in the long run. Management accounting practices in Australia do not focus only on creating profit for shareholders but also focuses on corporate governance and corporate social responsibility so that firms can return value to stakeholders of business and thus can achieve long term sustainability. Management accounting practices have introduced models like Stakeholder Value Model (STV) and Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) models in Australia. Organizations and firms are no more viewed as microscopic organizations in Australia with the advent of globalization and management accounting practices have changed from 1990s and 2000 and have adopted a contemporary approach (Birt et al., 2014). Discussion In early 1980s and 1990s management accounting practices ignored the consequences that business have on society and environment. Social accounting practices have emerged in Australia and firms no longer focus on only economic performance (Cantrell, Kyriazis Noble, 2015). Management accountants must provide information on development of stakeholders. Thus in Australia, management accounting practices has incorporated Stakeholder Value Model where appropriate management practices and strategies are followed and there is core commitment to humanistic values in organization. A flexible and supportive organization structure and an open model of communication help management accounting practices to create value for stakeholders in AustraliaThe economic approach of corporate governance focuses on enhancing the competitive position of the firm which helps manager to achieve short term success. However the implementation of the STV model in management accounting practices focuses on both per formance which is good financially and enhances the commitment of an enterprise towards fair accounting practices and equity (Tucker Schaltegger, 2016). The firms in Australia incorporates STV model in accounting practices by identifying its primary stakeholders and addressing their issues and concerns immediately, secondary stakeholders are addressed ethically. In modern days management accounting practices in firms in Australia focuses on allocating resources efficiently and achieves better control by providing information about society and environment (Kang Gray, 2013).. The accounting system in Australia focuses on Sustainability accounting practices in modern days. Sustainability reporting comprises of multiple arenas like non-financial reporting, corporate social responsibility, environmental and social accounting practices. Sustainability report provides information about integrated report which reveals how value is created by a firm on short, medium and long term. The information about sustainability is disclosed to public by Australian firms. Thus analysts and investors in Australia focus on long-term performance of a firm and addresses sustainability issues like greenhouse gas emission and corporate responsibility (Higgins, Milne Van Gramberg, 2015). Reports of sustainability are jointly formed by members of Boards of Australian firms and investment analysts. Earlier only public companies in Australia focused on sustainability reporting but in modern days sustainability reports are also prepared and disclosed by private enterprises in Austral ia. Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) helps in comparing the sustainability reports of companies belonging to a specific industry in Australia. Climate change plays a vital role in sustainability reporting in Australia. Companies ensure to be neutral to carbon and focus on development of products which are less carbon intensive. The investment value of a firm is impacted by this sustainability report. Top 100 public companies in Australia have 48 % sustainability reporting and 47% sustainability reporting is provided by top 100 private companies in Australia. The trend on publishing stand-alone sustainability reports is popular among companies in Australia which is separate from the annual reports of the company (Bachoo, Tan Wilson, 2013). The regulations of accounting systems in Australia manage risk faced by organizations by providing reliable and timely information. The accounting practices have become technical and complicated. A risk management framework is adopted by Australian firms in modern days for effective control and mitigation of risks faced by business processes of Australian enterprises. Key organization risks can be risk of governance, risk of business continuity and risk in succession planning, risks imposed by stakeholders and technology and other financial risks. Risks can also be imposed to firms in Australia by regulatory changes and human resources and the system of operation of firms. The accounting practices to handle risks hugely depend on the size and the practices of operation followed by an Australian firm. It is of paramount importance to monitor the policies and practices of risk management of an enterprise to align the risk management process with the accounting practices of an enterpris e in Australia The Risk Management Framework will have direct impact on the partners of a firm. The system of leadership and clear communication of risk management process across all levels in an organization helps firms in Australia to manage, eliminate and mitigate risks effectively (Chung Hensher, 2015). The Risk Management framework of a firm is reviewed regularly, at least annually by business leaders in Australia. Proper documentation of the risk management process is also important so that the policies and procedures of risk management can be clearly communicated to the personnel of a firm (Wadeson Ciccotosto, 2013). The effective management of risks by accounting practices in Australia helps in maintaining the reputation of a firm. Blind spots and deficiencies can be identified better by an organization if Risk Management Framework is effectively implemented and integrated with the accounting practices in Australia (Brown, Steen Foreman, 2009). Changes In Focus Of Management Accounting Function The management accounting function has changed focus. Organizational innovation, economic profitability, creating value for shareholders and stakeholders were the prime focus of management accounting firms in 1980 and 1990s.The principle of accounting practices by firms in Australia was greatly influenced by Great Britain in earlier days and there was absence of a single professional institution also desired results of accounting practices were not achieved by firms of Australia because of absence of co-operation among accounting bodies in Australia that existed in earlier days(Considine et al. , 2012). In twentieth century, management accountants were involved in managerial decision making, they were show the big picture of the firm and were involved in decision making process of the organization. Management accountants also had a holistic approach towards an organization, they demonstrated complete understanding of the requirements of an organization and also helped managers to achieve competitive advantage. In the second part of twentieth century there were two major professional bodies which handled accounting practices of enterprises in Australia. These two professional bodies were Institute of Chartered Accountants in Australia (ICAA) and CPA Australia. The Australian Accounting Research Foundation (AARF) promoted research in accounting in Australia with the medium of Accounting Standard Boards (AcSB). In earlier days there was implementation in promoting accounting practices as each state in Australia had its own company law. The Accounting Standard Review Board (ASRB) was fo rmed in Australia in the year 1984 which was responsible to review accounting standards. However this board did not continue for long and was replaced by Australian Accounting Standards Board (AASB) in the year 1989. In the year 1990s, huge pressure was imposed by boards like Australian Stock Exchange to align accounting practices in Australia to the accounting practices followed internationally. This was a result of economic globalization. In modern days accounting standards in Australia are determined by the International Accounting Standards Board ( IASB). Thus it can be clearly stated that accounting has achieved a strong position in the 21st century in economic framework of Australia. Urgent Issues Group was created in Australia which provided a quick and prompt solution to difficulties of accounting practices which was a result of difference in opinion of accounting standards (Henderson et al., 2014). Thus it can be clearly understood how the accounting practices in Australia has changed from 1980s to 2000 to the 21st century. The accounting firms in Australia focus towards creating value for both primary and secondary stakeholders, both public and private organizations in Australia publish sustainability reports which addresses issues like climate change and other environmental issues and management accounting practices also focus on management of risks. It can be clearly understood that focus of Australian accounting practices shifted from just a good economic performance of the firm and firms introduced on non-financial performance by adopting approaches like Stakeholder Value Model and focusing on corporate governance and corporate social responsibility. In order to gain prosperity for business on a long term perspective, management accountants have shifted focus from creating value for shareholders and customers to create value for all stakeholders of business. In Australia, both public and private enterprises focus on accounting practices on environmental accounting and have shifted focus to sustainability and corporate social responsibility (Horngren, 2013). Disclosure reports are published by company on opportunities for equal employment, safety of work environment, product and industry and aim to provide better working conditions for employees. Accounting systems of public and private enterprises in Australia provide data related to these topics so that reports of disclosure can be published by companies. Contemporary accounting practices in Australia focuses on four major arenas which include growth and learning, internal business process, performance related to finance and customers. On modern days companies perform Strategic audits which are quite different from audits which are financial in nature. In strategic audits, all strategic functions of a firm are reviewed. Value based reporting are adopted by many public enterprises in Australia which focuses on social governance, issues related to environment, framework of empowerment and economics. Thus there is sustainable change in focus of management accounting functions in Australia (Hoggett, 2012). Practical Examples From Annual Reports Of Companies Currently Operating In Australi The change in focus of management accounting functions can be clearly seen from the annual report of National Australia Bank Limited. The primary stakeholders of the bank are customers, community, suppliers, employees and shareholders. The firm has adopted an ESG framework while publishing its annual report in the year 2016. The ESG framework comprises of themes related to environment, society and governance. Surveys from primary stakeholders of the bank are conducted every year and feedback from stakeholders like employees and community members are taken. The bank also creates a supporting work environment for his stakeholders (National Australian Bank, 2017) From the annual report of Wesfarmers it is clearly evident that the company focuses on creating value for stakeholder and publishes sustainability report. The company focuses on risk management which includes operational risks, risks related to strategy, financial risks and regulatory risks. Though the company focuses on creating value for shareholders but issues related to people and sourcing networks of the company, issues related to environment and governance are also addressed by the firm as evident from its annual report published in the year 2016(WESFARMERS, 2017) It is also evident from the annual report of Coles that the company focuses on risk management. The focus is on mitigation of risks on supply chain of fuel, risks related to retention of employees. The leading supermarket in Australia focuses on creating value for all its primary stakeholders which include customers who can avail fresh stocks from Coles at lower prices. Coles also focuses on environmental issues and creates value for all its suppliers. Sustainability reports are published by the company and all management accounting practices have shifted from just mere profitability and financial performance (Coles, 2017) Conclusion It can be concluded that, in the global world, the accounting system of Australia has demonstrated major changes. Companies focus on long term profit and thus focus of management accountants have shifted from creating value for shareholders and customers to sustainability reports, creation of value for stakeholders which include both primary and secondary stakeholders and risk management. It is evident from the annual reports of existing companies of Australia published in the year 2016 like National Australia Bank, Wesfarmers and Coles that the companies mange risks effectively and publishes sustainability reports, addresses concern for environment, CSR and creates vale for stakeholders. References Bachoo, K., Tan, R., Wilson, M. (2013). Firm value and the quality of sustainability reporting in australia.Australian Accounting Review,23(1), 67-87. doi:10.1111/j.1835-2561.2012.00187.x Brown, I., Steen, A., Foreman, J. (2009). Risk management in corporate governance: A review and proposal.Corporate Governance: An International Review,17(5), 546-558. doi:10.1111/j.1467-8683.2009.00763.x Cantrell, J., Kyriazis, E., Noble, G. (2015). Developing cSR giving as a dynamic capability for salient stakeholder management.Journal of Business Ethics,130(2), 403-421. doi:10.1007/s10551-014-2229-1 Chung, D., Hensher, D. (2015). Risk management in public-Private partnerships.Australian Accounting Review,25(1), 13-27. doi:10.1111/auar.12062 Higgins, C., Milne, M., Van Gramberg, B. (2015). The uptake of sustainability reporting in australia.Journal of Business Ethics,129(2), 445-468. doi:10.1007/s10551-014-2171-2 Kang, H., Gray, S. J. (2013). Segment reporting practices in australia: Has ifrs 8 made a difference?Australian Accounting Review,23(3), 232-243. doi:10.1111/j.1835-2561.2012.00173.x Tucker, B. P., Schaltegger, S. (2016).Comparing the research-practice gap in management accounting: A view from professional accounting bodies in australia and germany.Accounting, Auditing and Accountability Journal,29(3), 362-400. doi:10.1108/AAAJ-02-2014-1601 Wadeson, D., Ciccotosto, S. (2013). Succession planning in small accounting practices in regional far north queensland.Australian Accounting Review,23(2), 177-188. doi:10.1111/j.1835-2561.2012.00189.x Birt, J., Chalmers, K., Moroney, S., Brooks, A., Oliver, J. (2014).Accounting business reporting for decision making(Fifth edition. ed.). Milton, Qld.: John Wiley and Sons Australia. coles. (2017).coles.com.au/. Retrieved 15 September 2017, from https://www.coles.com.au/about-coles/annual-reports Considine, B., Parkes, A., Olesen, K., Blount, Y., Speer, D. (2012).Accounting information systems : Understanding business processes(4th ed. ed.). Milton, Qld.: John Wiley Sons Australia. Henderson, S., Peirson, G., Herbohn, K., Artiach, T., Howieson, B. (2014).Issues in financial accounting(15th edition. ed.). Frenchs Forest, N.S.W.: Pearson Australia Hoggett, J. (2012).Accounting(8th ed. ed.). Milton, Qld.: John Wiley and Sons Australia. Horngren, C. (2013).Accounting(7th adaptation ed. ed.). Frenchs Forest, N.S.W.: Pearson Australia. National Australian Bank. (2017).nab.com.au/. Retrieved 15 September 2017, from https://www.nab.com.au/ WESFARMERS. (2017).wesfarmers.com.au/. Retrieved 15 September 2017, from https://www.wesfarmers.com.au/

Memory by analogy Hiroshima mon amour

Introduction The purpose of this report is to critically review the article, â€Å"Memory by analogy: Hiroshima mon amour† by Nancy Wood. The article revolves around the memorable events that took place in Hiroshima and Nagasaki as a result of the atomic bombing.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Memory by analogy: Hiroshima mon amour specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Article critique The article is influential in that it uses images to revisit the traumatic events of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. As the author has rightly noted, the use of a love affair makes the film captivating (Wood 185). It is quite painful to recall the events that took place in Japan during the Second World War in the aftermath of the atomic bombing of the cities of Nagasaki and Hiroshima. This trauma is inscribed in Elle’s memory which shows the pain and the destruction that took place. This has been supported by Kedward and Wood (3 09) who added that the analogies have been drawn between collective commemoration and personal memories of the atomic bombing. The article has also celebrated the issue of love. Wood (185) notes that people misjudged Elle’s love affair. They thought that she betrayed both, her town and her nation, because of falling in love with a German soldier (Madella 3). The author pairs the horror and traumatic events with a love story, thereby making the analogy both disturbing and surprising (Lammarre 1). The theme of memory (Madella 2) as elaborated by Saito (353) is used to portray collective identity. Historical circumstances are reconstructed through collective memories which assist in defining people’s collective identity. Although collective memory can be painful, it is useful in the sense that it assists us in conceptualizing history (Saito 353). Wood (191) notes that although people may fail to notice the importance of women like Elle, her memories help reveal the truth about what befell Japan and her as well (Walden 5). The author gives a view of the processes people undergo after an incident as they try to forget the past. It also shows the importance of letting go of the past even under circumstances whereby it is very hard to forget past memories. The major weakness of the article is that the author repeatedly makes the traumatic events more dreadful as it is painted all over the article. The major strength of the article is that the writer attributes the bombing as the reason why the Second World War ended (Woods 187; Hogan 1). The prose and the explanation of the bombing is useful as it captures the reader’s attention, thereby encouraging him/her to continue reading in order to know the truth.Advertising Looking for report on asian? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In my personal opinion, the article is well written, precise and elaborate. In addition, it gives an overview of the traumatic experiences and sad memories of the atomic bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. The capture of the past events and converting them into a speech or analogy is also captivating. Nonetheless, the film analogy generates a bit of unease, especially on the atomic annihilation that took place at Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Overall, I feel that the author’s analyses and critic on the film touches on all the different dimensions that need to be reviewed. Conclusion The article is easy to read and informative. In addition, the author has also tried her best to analyze the film, thereby depicting how the events took place. Works Cited Hogan, Michael J. Hiroshima in History and Memory. Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press, 1996. Print. Kedward, H R, and Nancy Wood. The Liberation of France: Image and Event. Oxford: Berg, 1995. Print. Lamarre, Thomas. â€Å"Trauma by Analogy. canlit.ca.† Canadian Literature, 8 Dec. 2011. Web. Madella, Alessandra. â€Å"The Woman Condition: Love a nd Technology In Hiroshima Mon Amour. PDF files. 21 Nov. 2012. https://ir.uiowa.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?referer=httpsredir=1article=2629context=etd.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Memory by analogy: Hiroshima mon amour specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Saito, Hiro. â€Å"Reiterated Commemoration: Hiroshima as National Trauma.† Sociological Theory 24.4 (2006): 353-3376. Print. Walden, Jenny. Hiroshima Mon Amour inscription on the body and the promise of justice. University of Portsmouth UK. 2010. Wood, Nancy. Vectors of Memory. Oxford: Berg, 1999. Print. This report on Memory by analogy: Hiroshima mon amour was written and submitted by user Vera Payne to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Protest Movements essays

Protest Movements essays Inequality based on race and class appears to be elements of capitalist democracy common to American society throughout its history. Various womens and philanthropic organizations engaged in protest during the Great Depression and afterward, lobbying for reforms to aid the impoverished, children, and laborers. However, protest movements demonstrated a growing radicalism as the twentieth century unfolded. Labor protests often turned violent as unions and their representatives clashed with strikebreakers and even thugs paid by companies. The same was true with the Civil Rights protests that erupted during the 1960s. Militant groups like the Black Panthers and black leaders like Malcolm X promoted any means necessary to bring about justice and equality for African Americans, even if it meant violence. In contrast to these more violent and radical forms of protest, however, Martin Luther King Jr. adopted a form of non-violent protest modeled on Gandhis passive resistance that had h elped free India from British rule. In Why We Cant Wait, Martin Luther King Jr. provides an explanation of the origins of nonviolent protest and how it offers those who adhere to it in significant numbers the tools necessary to bring about social change. As King (12) asserts, the form of nonviolent protest that helped lead to the passage of the Civil Rights Act was one that was honed through various protests, Tested in Montgomery during the winter of 1955-56, and toughened throughout the South in the eight ensuing years, nonviolent resistance had become, by 1963, the logical force in the greatest mass-action crusade for freedom that has ever occurred. The Birmingham campaign resulted in King being sent to jail at one point, demonstrating that nonviolent resistance asks for sacrifice and commitment from those who adhere to it if it is to be effective. In contrast to Kings peaceful methods of protest, others like Ma...

Tips for Applying to Clinical Psychology PhD Programs

Tips for Applying to Clinical Psychology PhD Programs Clinical psychology is the most popular and competitive area of study in psychology, and arguably the most competitive of graduate programs in all social and hard sciences. Counseling psychology is a close second. If you hope to study either of these fields you must be on your game. Even the best applicants dont get into all of their top choices and some dont get into any. How do you improve your odds of gaining admission to a graduate program in clinical or counseling psychology? Obtain Excellent GRE Scores This one is a no-brainer. Your scores on the Graduate Record Exam will make or break your doctoral application in competitive fields like clinical and counseling psychology. High GRE scores are important because many clinical and counseling doctoral programs receive hundreds of applications. When a graduate program receives more than 500 applications, the admissions committee looks for ways to weed out applicants. GRE scores are a common way of narrowing the applicant pool. Excellent GRE scores not only gain you admittance to graduate school, but they may also get you funding. For example, applicants with high GRE quantitative scores might be offered teaching assistantships in statistics or a research assistantship with a faculty member. Get Research Experience Applicants to graduate school in clinical and counseling psychology need research experience. Many students believe that applied experience working with people will help their application. They look for internships, practica, and volunteer experiences. Unfortunately applied experience is useful only in small doses. Instead doctoral programs, specifically Ph.D. programs, look for research experience and research experience trumps all other extracurricular activities. Research experience is out of class experience conducting research under the supervision of a faculty member. It usually begins with working on a professors research. Volunteer to help in any way needed. This might include administering surveys, entering data, and looking up research articles. It often also includes tasks like copying and collating papers. Competitive applicants design and carry out independent studies under the supervision of a faculty member. Ideally, some of your research will be presented at undergraduate and regional conferences, and perhaps even published in an undergraduate journal. Understand the Value of Research Experience Research experience shows that you can think like a scientist, problem solve, and understand how to ask and answer scientific questions. Faculty look for students who show a good fit to their research interests, can contribute to their lab, and is competent. Research experience suggests a baseline skill level and is an indicator of your ability to succeed in the program and complete a dissertation. Some applicants gain research experience by earning a masters degree in a research-oriented field such as experimental psychology. This option often appeals to students with little preparation or low-grade point averages as supervised experience with a faculty member highlights your potential to become a researcher. Know the Field Not all clinical and counseling doctoral programs are the same. There are three classes of clinical and counseling doctoral programs: ScientistScientist-practitionerPractitioner-scholar They differ in the relative weight given to training in research and practice. Students in scientist programs earn PhDs and are trained exclusively as scientists; no training is offered in practice. Scientist-practitioner programs train students in both science and practice. Most students earn PhDs and are trained as scientists as well as practitioners and learn to apply scientific approaches and techniques to practice. Practitioner-scholar programs train students to be practitioners rather than researchers. Students earn a PsyD and receive extensive training in therapeutic techniques. Match the Program Know the difference between a Ph.D. and PsyD. Choose the type of program that youd like to attend, whether it emphasizes research, practice, or both. Do your homework. Know each graduate programs training emphases. Admissions committees look for applicants whose interests match their training emphases. Apply to a scientist program and explain that your professional goals lie in private practice and youll receive a rejection letter instantly. Ultimately you cannot control the admission committees decision, but you can choose a program that fits you well, and you present yourself in the best light possible.

John Paul II Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

John Paul II - Essay Example While the NE is a doctrine and set of ideas that was put forward by John Paul II in the early 1990's, the roots of this belong in the establishment of the Second Vatican Council (1962) and in documents like the LUMEN GENTIUM (1964)[1]. In the broadest terms, it can be said that the Second Vatican Council or Vatican II was the Catholic Church's attempt to adapt and assimilate some of modernity or modernism. For instance, one of the changes or transformations that most Catholics are likely aware of, is that Mass is no longer required to be in Latin. The significance of this historically is rather rich. The very Reformation which split the Catholic Church in the Sixteen Century, partially happened because of a new movement to bring the Bible into the vernacular or to the language of the people [2]. And, while the Bible had made it into the languages that common people spoke many centuries earlier, Mass continued to be conducted in Latin until 1962: "Since these duties, so very necessary to the life of the Church, can be fulfilled only with difficulty in many regions in accordance with the discipline of the Latin Church as it exists today" [3]. Another aspect of the NE that is both central, and which has its roots in Vatican II and the the Lumen Gentium, is the incorporation of lay individuals into the body and mission of the Church. That is, viewing lay people as not just the object of being converted or taught, but as valuable members of the community who have a contribution to make in spreading the word, so to speak: "every layman, in virtue of the very gifts bestowed upon him, is at the same time a witness and a living instrument of the mission of the Church itself 'according to the measure of Christ's bestowal'" [4]. Compare this remark with what John Paul II says about the NE: Today, in particular, the pressing pastoral task of the new evangelization calls for involvement of the entire people of God, and requires a new fervor, new methods and a new expression for the announcing and witnessing of the gospel [5]. The first important and general dimension of the NE, and as it relates to changes in the Catholic Church since the early 1960's, is the inclusiveness, and a less hierarchal approach to the ministry of the Church. However, where Vatican II and the Lumen Gentium are a way of accommodating or assimilating modernism to some extent, the NE as established by John Paul II is succinct insofar as it can be said to be a set of ideas that is actually reactionary modernism or modernization. By reactionary, it is not implied in terms of having as its object Catholic doctrine, rather, society itself. One of the concerns of the NE, is increased secularization, a decrease in the basic lay understanding of the tenets of Christianity, and Catholic Catechism. As John Paul II's assistant states on the subject of his concern with secularization in Western Europe that it was "gradually drifting further and further from its roots and so from its histor y and culture" [6]. This is a perspective about secularization, according to one of John Paul's biographer's that began in the post-war period of the late 1940's and early 1950's, and as far back as then he viewed: "new forms of pastoral activity open to a broader participation by the laity" [7]. Although there is a lot in common between the

Final BA420 paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Final BA420 paper - Essay Example Due to this integral quality level 5 leadership is ranked at the highest level in the hierarchy of executive capabilities. The ranking of level 5 leadership above the all four levels of leadership indicates that a level 5 leader embody all the qualities of below 4 level. It means a level 5 leader would definitely be a highly capable individual focused towards contributing to the team resulting in him being a competent manager and an effective leader. However, besides all these qualities, he would possess the qualities of ferocious professional will, personal humility, and these two qualities are the core ingredient that makes an individual a level 5 leader. So much so that level 5 leadership is indicated through a formula as Humility + Will = Level 5 Leadership. These core ingredients of Level 5 Leadership are what make its different from all other leadership styles. All other leadership styles focus on the leader developing strong will to achieve the goals and on developing the abil ities to work along with the team while leading them but no other leadership style place its focus on humility of the leader like level 5 leadership do. ... n the next generation, comfortable with the idea that most people won’t even know the roots of that success traces back to their efforts.† This broad vision of a level 5 leader that is far beyond his personal gains and achievement is what makes this leadership style different and special. In addition, a leader of such vision is necessary and important for a company if it wishes to achieve a transaction from good to great because without such a leader a company will only be able to exhibit a consistent performance pattern instead of a growing one (Colllins,2001, pp.22). It can be summarized that a level 5 leader is an individual who is humble and modest in his dealing but with an unwavering resolve to make the company great with the confidence to share credit for success and accept blame for mistake. These individuals are disciplined and take responsibilities of their actions and concentrate on finding the right people to work with them so that they can setup a capable su ccessor for the organization. Section Two Jim Collins describes Colman Mockler, the CEO of Gillette from 1975-1991, as an example of level 5 leaders in his book â€Å"Good to Great†. Mockler served 17 years in financial administration of Gillette before being appointed as CEO and COO in 1976 by his predecessor Zielger. Although Mockler was very acumen in financial information and treasury of the company, he had not much experience to lead the company. That is why he had to â€Å"undergo a crash-training program on how to run the company and prove his leadership skills before Ziegler retired† (Mckibben, 2000, p 73-75). Mockler choose Stephens J Griffin, president of international division, as president to work along with him indicating his intend to continue with the geographical expansion started in

Origins of World War I Essay Example for Free

Origins of World War I Essay The World War I fought between 1914 and 1918, is considered the largest of any war in human history and ever since, many refer it as the Great War. It was a culmination of activities and competition across European nations. It’s estimated that 14 million people lost their lives on the First World War. The causes of the World War I were complicated which includes; 1. Imperialism- The scramble for Africa and some other parts of Asia for raw materials by European countries led to a competition and this pushed the world into the World War I. 2. Defense alliances-most countries all over Europe had formed defense agreements that if one country was attacked, allied countries would join and fight back. For example when Hungary declared war on Serbia, Russia joined to defend Serbia and German started to attack Russia. 3. The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand from Hungary and his wife in June 1914 by a Serbian national is considered to be an immediate cause. It took place in Sarajevo, Bosnia and which was part of Hungary. This was followed by protests as Serbia wanted to take control of Bosnia then Hungary declared war on Serbia leading to an expansion of the war trough the mutual defense alliances. It’s not exactly known which country was responsible for the war though Germany is strongly believed to be responsible for the out break of the war. Through the Schlieffen plan German was supposed first to invade France through Belgium then Russia before it had mobilized. Germany was also a major partner in the triple alliance and it’s perceived that Hungary would not have risked war with Serbia without full backing of Germany through the blank check given on 6th, june1914. However, on the other hand the war started first as conflict between Hungary and Serbia after the assassin of Archduke Franz Ferdinand and his wife in Hungary. In all fairness historians argue that all senior powers were responsible for war. In conclusion, other than trade, peace alliances and coalitions between nations should be formed and promoted to foster peace and understanding. This will prevent t an out break of another war. References Henig Ruth, 2002, The Origins of the First World War, Routledge.

The Black Jacobins Essay examples -- Essays Papers

The Black Jacobins The San Domingo revolution led to the abolition of slavery, independence of Haiti from France and the proclamation of a black republic. However, unlike many historians, CLR James in his work, The Black Jacobins, does not depict the struggle for independence as merely a slave revolt which happened to come after the French Revolution. He goes beyond providing only a recount of historical events and offers an intimate look at those who primarily precipitated the fall of French rule, namely the black slaves themselves. In doing so, James offers a perspective of black history which empowers the black people, for they are shown to actually have done something, and not merely be the subject of actions and attitudes of others. Even before the actual revolt, the slaves were not men who merely resisted; they were not passive objects. James offers graphic detail of the random and frequent beatings, killings and tortures in order to show the immense brutality of San Domingo's slavery. The severity and harshness of the slavery was due primarily to the fact that the colonists understood that "To cow [the slaves] into the necessary docility and acceptance necessitated a regime of calculated brutality and terrorism" (12) Throughout his account of San Domingos' slavery, James maintains the perseverance of the humanity of the slave population. The slaves did not succumb to their conditions by becoming inanimate objects devoid of any human qualities. Although the "majority of the slaves accommodated themselves to [the] brutality by a profound fatalism and a wooden stupidity before their masters", the slaves still maintained their intelligence and creativity. "The difficulty was that though one could trap them like animals, transport them in pens, work them alongside an ass or a horse and beat both with the same stick, stable them and starve them, they remained, despite their black skins and curly hair, quite invincibly human beings; with the intelligence and resentments of human beings" (11-12). Moreover, it "was this intelligence which refused to be crushed, these latent possibilities, that frightened the colonists, as it frightens the whites in Africa to-day" (18). Throughout The Black Jacobins, James emphasizes the struggle, the tension between the demands made by the society and the human need for expression. Although, "Many s... ...er the revolution, the mentality of the people of San Domingo was foreover changed. Slavery would never be accepted again by the inhabitants. "Any regime which tolerated such practices was doomed, for the revolution had created a new race of men" (242). This new race of men were aware of their self-importance. "There was no need to be ashamed of being a black. The revolution had awakened them, had given them the possibility of achievement, confidence and pride. That psychological weakness, that feeling of inferiority with which the imperialists poison colonial peoples everywhere, these were gone" (244). Thus, in The Black Jacobins, James does much more than retell the story of the San Domingo revolution. He shows the slave revolt to be an empowering example for all liberation movements. Thus, James hopes to stimulate the coming emancipation of Africa as well. James concludes The Black Jacobins by noting that "Imperialism vaunts its exploitation of the wealth of Africa for the benefit of civilisation. In reality, from the very nature of its system of production for profit it strangles the real wealth of the continent-the creative capacity of the African people" (377).

Birmingham International Airport – Competitors

Like any other airport, Birmingham International has enough competitors that want their own share of its market. The theory is the bigger the better, and better = more profit. This means that BIA will keep having to continually renew their prices so that they stay ahead of the market, and cause their opposition to loose out. I will now discover how BIA keeps ahead of their game, consistently from year to year. One way that BIA keeps ahead is making sure that the facilities that they offer are up to scratch at all times, and they constantly update them to meet demand, and maintain them if necessary (such as toilets etc). BIA have also displayed instances where they care for the customer, one by investing in the EuroHub tunnel, and the other by adding an ‘Air-Rail' link to the airport, one of this have decreased the flight transfer times dramatically, and the other has made the travelling times lower than they were before. By creating and maintaining these type of facilities, they do not award their competitors the opportunity to beat them at their own game, and therefore will always stay on top, which has been proven in my other parts of work (how big they are). Referencing to the ‘Master Plan' again, they are going to develop the airport fore dramatically which shows again they are always growing bigger, and reducing the opportunity for any other airports to get in edgeways. If you were to contrast this airport against their major rivals you will see that London's Heathrow has become the biggest mainly because of the flights, facilities and the number of runways that are on offer. An airport that is hardly referenced to is ‘Heathrow' whom is growing at a rate like BIA, as they too have released plans to increate their traffic to 30,000,000 passengers flying with them every year, which was names the ‘Development Strategy for the year 2005'. Airport are no longer about providing solely the best flights, but they are about providing the best overall facilities to their customers, and if they fail to do this, you may see that in the future, they could loose out on potential customers. Alike with any business, BIA would encourage all customers to use the facilities more, an implying to use their competitors less! Despite this, you cannot persuade someone to travel from Heathrow to Birmingham so they can fly internationally, as this would not make sense if they could fly from their local airport, unless there were exquisite travel links, which took a fraction of the time that they should have. As a result of this, they would only try to tap the market that are available to them, which may result as far out as London, but if their campaigns produced results, then this would be all worth while. For example, London's Heathrow have an internal ‘train' system that will connect you from terminal to terminal, which I have personally experiences. This is like no other, and the facilities that are provided by them are excellent (not that I have tried BIA's personally), so I would find that hard to beat. On the other hand, if the facilities of BIA are anything like theirs, then they would stand a chance of matching the size of Heathrow, but this would not happen with the right staff motivation, capital and long term experience. One of the main factors within the competition is the flights, or even the lack off, and prices. For example, if someone in the vicinity of BIA is charged double that to fly to the destination they want that Heathrow is quoting, then it would obviously make sense for them to go to a different airport, which would mean BIA will loose customers quickly. The rule â€Å"it's 8 times harder to win an old customer back as to gain a new one† takes a leading role here. Providing that BIA has the right accessibility to their airports, and the fact that they offer good prices would mean that they will be quite successful in the long term. As you can see from my research below (provided courtesy of Expedia.co.uk), there are major price variations with the same flights: Birmingham International Airport Global: Adults: 2 | Children: 0 As you can see from my research above, it is not completely obvious who is the cheapest in the market, because it depends solely upon where the flight's destination is. For example: * At the specified time period, BIA was the cheapest to fly to Barcelona * In spite of this, they were the most expensive to fly to Copenhagen (When compared to Gatwick and Heathrow) I believe that the reason that BIA cannot be the cheapest for all of the available flights is because of the fact that if a fly is not popular, they would not fly that often, so tickets may be more expensive (for advanced bookings). As everyone has witnessed over the past year or so, each of the airports has had to dramatically increase the security due to terror attacks. They've had to reduce the number of liquids that you may carry on a flight, and they have diverted even entire flights because they thought there was a suspected attack, where 99% of the time, the were wrong. This shows that competition for security is not always good, as it may put of even the most frequent flyers because of all of the security checks that are involved.

It was the worst thunderstorm in 36 years

Wednesday night, 9th October 2002. It was the worst thunderstorm in 36 years. The rain was like stones hammering onto you from the pitch-black sky. Long streaks of bright lightning were jumping from the sky. A few seconds after each bright light there was a gigantic roar, like a furious lion. The weather was wet, cold, dull, dark and miserable with horrendous winds, travelling at the speed of a cheetah. There were two boys. Andy was quite tall and skinny with short blonde hair. He had legs like long twigs and hands the size of a giants, but very brittle. The other boy, Paul, was big and obese. He was built like a tank. His fists were like big balls of steel. But he was very shy. Andy and Paul were walking home through the fields. It was dark and windy. Paul pulled out a torch. He turned it on, but all it gave out was a dull light that kept flashing on and off every time lightning strikes. Andy started to get scared and he walked faster and faster. Paul was dragging his big heavy feet though the wet muddy grass. Andy started to run but they were getting no where. Paul was dragging behind and was having problems keeping up with Paul. Andy looked behind him and saw Paul in the distance. So Andy shouted â€Å"hurry up Paul, we gotta get outa here†. So Andy slowed down and waited until Paul caught up with him. Then continued running. Andy shouts, â€Å"I can see a house†. So they both started to run towards the house. They both stop. Every thing is silent. Paul and Andy walk towards the front door. Paul nocks on the door and it opened. Nobody was in the house. Andy said, â€Å"is any body in†. Nobody answered so they both carefully walk in the house. There was not a bit of dust in the house. Paul and Andy hung up there soaking wet coats on a hanger and closed the door. The house was bright and warm. The two boys walked into the living room, which was straight in front of them. In the living room the fire was lit and there was stuffed animals every where. There was a huge old wooden staircase. They decided to sit down on the big black leather sofa. They sat down for a while. Paul quietly said, â€Å"let's go up stairs†. So they both went up stairs. They got to the top of the stairs and went to open one of the doors in front of them. The lights started flicking on and off. Andy started shaking. All of a sudden the house went cold. Paul opened the door. A body fell from behind the door. Both of the boys jumped back. The front door creaked open and then slammed closed. A deep mans voice yelled up the stairs, â€Å"who the hell is in my house†. The man ran up stairs with a dead squirrel in one hand and an axe in the other. The boys were so scared that they could not move.

Lucie Manette essays

Lucie Manette essays Lucie Manette In the book A Tale of Two Cities by Charles Dickens, Lucie Manette who is one of the characters in the novel has a variety of traits. Two of the traits she possesses are being soft-hearted and loving. She helps the characters overcome a great deal of struggles. She also has some struggles within herself. The story takes place in France and London which is where lucie is from. Two of the traits she possesses are being soft-hearted and loving. (Lucie Manette is a young French woman who grew up in England and was raised as a ward of Tellsons bank, because her parents were assumed dead). Lucie is an important character to the story because she has the power to change people, such as her father. She helped her father to be recalled to life. He was in a decrepit state when she found out he was still alive. He was a well-respected doctor, then his health became poor and all he could do was make shoes. Lucie took him back to London to nurse him back to health. One of her friend Jarvis Lorry told her . . . you can restore him to life, love, duty, rest, and comfort. Lucie is the key to holding everything together with her love. Another person she helps change through the story is Carton. Carton insists that he has declined beyond salvation, but admits that he has always viewed Lucie as The last dream of my soul... Lucie had made him consider beginning his life again, though he no longer believes in the possibility of doing so . Another trait she possesses is her soft-heartedness. She is falling in love with Charles Darney and when he is put in jail she is willing to wait on a street corner two hours a day each day on the chance that Darney will catch a sight of her from his prison window. Her soft-heartedness also helps change Sydney Cartons life. Carton was a lazy, good for nothing, alcoholic, but after he meets Lucie he falls madly in love with her. He says to her &quo...

KRAUS Surname Meaning and Family History

KRAUS Surname Meaning and Family History The last name Kraus is a descriptive German surname meaning with curly hair, from the Middle High German krus, meaning curly. Surname Origin: German Alternate Surname Spellings:  KRAUS, KRAUß, KRAUSS, KRAUßE, KRAUSSE, KRUSE, KRAUSE Famous People with the Kraus  Surname Adolph Kraus  - Jewish leader and lawyerCharles A. Kraus  - American chemistGertrud Kraus  - pioneer of modern dance in IsraelHans Werner-Kraus  - German U-boat commanderJoseph Martin Kraus  - classical composerGeorg Melchior Kraus  - German painter Where is the Kraus  Surname Most Common? According to surname distribution from Forebears, the Kraus  surname is most common in Germany, where it ranks 52nd in the nation, followed by Austria (95th), Luxembourg (170th), and Czech Republic (199th). Krause with the e, however, is even more popular in Germany- coming in as the 27th most frequent surname. WorldNames PublicProfiler indicates a similar distribution, with the greatest percentage of individuals named Kraus  in Germany, followed by Austria and Luxembourg. German surname distribution maps at Verwandt.de show Kraus as most common in southeastern Germany in areas such as Forchheim and Augsburg, while Kraus is much more frequent in northwestern and western Germany, around Hannover and Recklinghausen. Genealogy Resources for the Surname KRAUS Meanings of Common German Surnames: Uncover the meaning of your German last name with this free guide to the meanings and origins of common German surnames.Kraus  Family Crest - Its Not What You Think: Contrary to what you may hear, there is no such thing as a Kraus  family crest or coat of arms for the Kraus surname.  Coats of arms are granted to individuals, not families, and may rightfully be used only by the uninterrupted male line descendants of the person to whom the coat of arms was originally granted.The Kraus/Krause  DNA Surname Project: Individuals with the Kraus  surname or variants such as Krause are invited to participate in this group DNA project in an attempt to learn more about ancient Kraus family origins. The website includes information on the project, the research done to date, and instructions on how to participate.KRAUS  Family Genealogy Forum: This free message board is focused on descendants of Kraus  ancestors around the world.FamilySearch - KRA US  Genealogy: Explore over 1.1  million results from digitized  historical records and lineage-linked family trees related to the Kraus surname on this free website hosted by the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. KRAUS  Surname Mailing List: Free mailing list for researchers of the Kraus  surname and its variations includes subscription details and a searchable archives of past messages.DistantCousin.com - KRAUS  Genealogy Family History: Explore free databases and genealogy links for the last name Kraus.GeneaNet - Kraus  Records: GeneaNet includes archival records, family trees, and other resources for individuals with the Kraus  surname, with a concentration on records and families from France and other European countries.The Kraus  Genealogy and Family Tree Page: Browse genealogy records and links to genealogical and historical records for individuals with the Kraus  surname from the website of Genealogy Today.

How is the reasoning on the given issue adrift and how might that Thesis

How is the reasoning on the given issue adrift and how might that reasoning be approved I chose the issue of Legalization of M - Thesis Example One side is against Marijuana legalization and wants it to be banned or abolished because of the negative impacts, it could have on the human lives. On the other hand, the supporting side views at the positive effects of Marijuana, particularly its medicinal purposes and how its legalization could save many lives and alleviate the sufferings of many people. However, if one takes the supporting stance and favors legalization of Marijuana, the reasoning seems adrift regarding certain aspects. At the same time, a stronger reasoning can be formed in favor of legalization. So, this paper focusing on the issue of legalization of Marijuana will discuss how marijuana can aid many suffering people, although there seems to be some adrift, which can also be covered with more stronger reasoning. People suffering from certain health ailments and pro-groups consider Marijuana has an effective treatment option. Although marijuana is harmful to the physical and mental health if it is misused, none i s as tragic as the rejection of medicinal marijuana to many patients, who could have some of their physical and mental pain alleviated. Marijuana, commonly known as weed, pot, hash or cannabis is known for its intoxicating effect, often causing the individual to experience states of mental pleasure through a heightened effect of pleasure on the pain and sensory receptors. This is the reason why marijuana has been banned. However, it is important that we also realize the medical uses that the plant has, mainly acting as a pain reliever to those who suffer from ailments such as cancer, where other pain relievers are not quite as effective. In addition, Marijuana is being proved to be an effective cure or even a controlling cure for many health ailments. Thus, the legalization of marijuana for medicinal purposes is sure to make lives better for those who suffer from diseases as well as chronic pains. While analyzing the legal perspective, we understand that the government made the deci sion based on the anti-drug campaign and the overall social implications. Special attention was not given to the percentage of patients who are greatly benefited by the use of marijuana as a medical drug. Marijuana is the term given to the dried form of the hemp plant Cannabis Sativa. That is, it is a dry, shredded green and brown mix of flowers, stems, seeds, and leaves derived from the hemp plant Cannabis sativa (Shohov 1). The main chemical in the plant which gives the users a kind of mental ‘high’ (a kind of ‘false’ mental pleasure) and eventually many problems is the delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol, THC for short. This is where the adrift in the reasoning comes into the picture. Here, the adrift takes place from chemical or even behavioral angle. That is, as Marijuana gives that mental high, it is being abused by the users in many ways. Marijuana users could suffer from various diseases, affecting different parts of the body. Firstly, Marijuana has a dang erous effect on the lungs’ functioning. As the inhaled Marijuana first enters the lungs, the carcinogens found in it, will get deposited in the lungs, leading to diseases like Cancer. â€Å"Marijuana users usually inhale more deeply and hold their breath longer than tobacco smokers do, which further increases the lungs’ exposure to carcinogenic smoke† (â€Å"NIDA InfoFacts: Marijuana†). Following the lungs, the heart’s functioning will also affected by Marijuana. Inhaling of Marijuana increases the hearts’

Emergency Management 670 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Emergency Management 670 - Essay Example However, it is good to know that mitigation and response are two very important aspects of each disaster management plan, due to the fact that they complement and supplement each other (Avery et al., 2008). In this regard, the most important thing to do even while choosing to trade off is by making sure that if one is favored for a specific risk, the other will still be financed even if in only a small portion of the budget for that particular risk. The best way for local government to deal with the situation is by treating each risk individually, and having a budget for each risk. This will allow each risk to be considered in terms of its characteristics and then based on these characteristics; the disaster management team can decide whether it is important for mitigation or response planning. Some risks such as those that are predictable and preventable will be better managed using mitigation planning while those that are less predictable and less preventable will be better managed using response mechanisms. Whether to trade off between response and mitigation should however be considered for each type of risk individually, rather than for the overall risks that face a community (Mueller & Stewart, 2011). This is because each risk is unique and would require a unique risk management method. For the risks that are preventable and predictable, the authorities can choose to use mitigation to manage the risks. On the other hand, for those risks that are not predictable, the best way is to prepare for a comprehensive response. In a nutshell, if each risk of a disaster is considered individually, then it is possible to trade off between mitigation and response for the risk of that disaster. The efficiency of a disaster management plan is dependent on both mitigation planning as well as response planning (Hess & Gotham, 2007). It is therefore not entirely correct to argue that a response plan or a mitigation plan can be ideal for the management of a

What is the future of the modern state What are the challenges to the Essay

What is the future of the modern state What are the challenges to the modern state - Essay Example nomenon of â€Å"multi-level governance† like umbrella governance bodies similar to European Union, is another aspect of change that is happening to the modern nation state (Pierson, 160). A major challenge associated with these changes is the â€Å"loss of control for individual national governments† (Pierson, 161). Yet another challenge is the need of doing negotiations and building consensus to act (Pierson, 155-156). Each modern nation state is presently transforming into homes to many ethnicities and races and hence global migration and the related social issues are emerging as new matter to attend to (Pierson, 163). This is also a potential area where the skill of the state for negotiations, and for interactions with multi-level governance systems, is tested (Pierson, 165). As the political autonomy of the states get merged into economic and other realms that have grown in weight, it is expected that a new form of state is emerging, namely, the â€Å"empire† (qtd. in Pierson, 170). The â€Å"empire† is defined in this context as â€Å"a new economic-industrial- communicative machine† that incorporates into itself, â€Å"the decline of nation state authority, the ubiquity of global capitalism, the importance of networks, new information technologies, and the extension of new forms of governance† (Pierson, 171). Hence, a new future and unforeseen challenges for modern state is emerging every day, every moment, in a complex flux that carries within it, the â€Å"empire† and its infinite expressions (Pierson,

Management Of Innovation Titan Edge History Essay

Management Of Innovation Titan Edge History Essay Innovation is defined as the process by which new products, services, materials and processes are developed and introduced into the market for commercialization. Thus, Innovation is the successful exploitation of new ideas. There are 4Ps of Innovation which are as follows: Product Innovation- Changes in the products/services offered by the company Process Innovation- Changes the way in which the products are created delivered to the customers Position Innovation- Changes the manner in which the product is introduced in the market Paradigm Innovation- Changes the underlying model which changes the way in which the company functions Innovation is very critical for all the businesses in order to grow and survive the fierce competition in the marketplace. Thus companies continuously bring about innovation and introduce a lot of new products and services to gain a competitive advantage over their competitors. The companies do this by investing a lot of money in their RD department. There are companies which have the greatest ideas in the world but that do not make them innovative. A starting point of a breakthrough innovation is not an idea but it is an orbit-shifting challenge. Ideas are certainly important as far as innovation is considered but it is not the starting point of the innovation process. To bring about a breakthrough innovation the most important thing for a company is to get a team in place, enroll team members, create strategies, convince stake holders to invest money and finally to create route in order to reach the destination which did not exist before. Problem Statement: The objective of Titan Watch Industries was to design and make the slimmest water-resistant watch in the world. This was the orbit shifting challenge which Mr. Xerxes Desai, the managing director at that time had put forward to his team in the year 1994. To create the slimmest watch in the world it needed to be just 3.5mm thick which is as thick as the edge of the floppy disc. In order to achieve this objective the Titan team went to the Swiss who are known as the master of watch making in order to get a deep insight and get help in developing the watch. But to their dismay, the Swiss said that it is impossible. The major reason behind this was that a watch could either be ultra-slim or either it could be water-resistant. The Swiss themselves had made an effort in the year 1982 but they had failed to make the worlds slimmest water-resistant watch. Although they were disappointed but the Titan team took on the challenge and said that if the Swiss could not do it than they would do it. It took them four long years to make a breakthrough innovation and do the impossible by challenging almost all the parameters of watch making. Thus, the slimmest water-resistant in the world wad conceptualized, designed and manufactured not in Switzerland or Japan but was done right here in India. Objectives of the study: The main objective of this study was to understand that how the innovation process was carried out and managed by Titan Watch Industries in order to make the slimmest water-resistant watch in world- Titan Edge. The Titan story is a classic example of an Indian company achieving an amazing feat by making a truly global innovative product successfully. Hence, studying its success story becomes all the more important. Thus, I selected the Titan Edge case study as the topic of my seminar paper wherein I could learn the way the innovation process was managed effectively by Titan and which made it a global player in the field of watch making. The Beginning: It all started way back in 1985 when Titan Watch Industries was set up as a joint venture between the Tata Group and Tamil Nadu Industries Development Corporation. It began with French collaboration from where they got the watch movements and the technology used to develop them. The production of watches began in the year 1987. By the year 1992, Titan started to surpass their French collaborators and started to improve their own creations. At this time Xeres Desai gave a call to develop the slimmest water-resistant watch in order to become a global player by proposing an orbit-shifting challenge to his team. Titan felt the need to make this innovation because they realized that just being the marketing leaders wont help but to earn the respect as the best in the world it was necessary to become the technology leader. In 1994 Desai gave the RD team the challenge of developing the slimmest movement in the world which would 1.15mm thin- as thin as a credit card. The current movement developed by Titan was 3.4mm thick and the challenge was to develop 1.15mm which was a challenging task for the team considering the fact that it was just the second movement which would be developed in-house. Desai further raised the challenge by asking the team to put the movement in the case and create a watch out of it. And in India it needed to be water-resistant as Indians do not prefer to buy watches which are not water-resistant. This was an impossible challenge because till date there was no ultra-slim watch which was water-resistant. The Challenges: There were various challenges which Desai had to face during the development of Titan Edge. The greatest challenges were internal as the mindset of deference to the development world is the key reason which prevents breakthrough innovation in a developing country like India. The various challenges faced during the project were as follows: Challenge 1: Enrolling to the cause While making a radical innovation the biggest challenge is to create self-belief within the team members. The engineering challenge would have been impossible to achieve unless the self-belief and enrolment had not happened. When the team returned from Switzerland without any progress the reaction of the people within the organization was that if the Swiss cannot do it than how can we do it and if Swiss cannot do it than no one can do it. Thus it was this mindset of deference to the developed world which was the major challenge which Desai had to tackle. The watch manufacturing has three main departments which are case manufacture, movement manufacture and assembly. In addition to this even RD department had to been enrolled and energized. The usual response the manufacturing department gives to the design department is that you give us the drawings and we will work according to it. If it works, it works and if does not work than we cannot do anything about it. But once the true alignment had happened at Titan people take ownership for their work and in this case the response from the manufacturing department to the design people was that you provide us with the drawings and we will figure a way out and see to it that things work out properly. Thus, this is how the entire team was motivated and energized in order to enroll them into the cause of making the slimmest water-resistant watch in the world. Challenge 2: The Movement Challenge The team at Titan kicked off with the watch movement in the RD department which was headed by Subramanya Bhatt. During that point of time there were no benchmarks available in the world because the movement of that thickness did not exist. It was a big challenge for the team as they had to make the movement of that thickness from scratch since reengineering was not possible. It was an astronomical challenge in front of the team and it needed a paradigm shift to bring down the size of the movement from 3.4mm to 1.15mm thickness. There were many technological challenges right from the manufacturing department, assembly department and the testing department. The biggest challenge was to accommodate the components in the available space and mainly the battery and the step motor. For this they had to miniaturize the size of the components drastically. The problem with the battery was that reducing the size of the battery would reduce the power of the battery considerably and would thus reduce the power backup considerably. Thus its a trade-off between the size and the power of the battery. You can either have an ultra-slim battery or else you can have a battery with a long-life. Its an either/or challenge but innovation is all about the and. In the initial survey all the usual battery suppliers said that it is impossible to make a battery of this size and it cant be done. But then the team conducted an intense secondary research and was able to find a supplier located in USA who was able to make the battery which was 1.05mm thick and had a backup for a considerably longer time. But still this was not enough because for the watch to be water-resistant the back cover needs to be opened as infrequently as possible. Thus, this needed that the battery should have backup of comparatively a longer battery life. The team had to reduce the power consumption of the battery by half in order to double the battery life. The step motor is the heart of the watch and it is the component which consumes the maximum amount of power. Hence, they had to somehow crash the power consumption of the step motor. For this challenge a silicon chip was developed and simultaneously the step motor was worked on to reduce the consumption of power. The net result was that the life of the battery doubled. There were number of innovations made in terms of tooling, equipment and production facilities in order to create the slimmest movement in the world. Thus, finally the movement of 1.15mm thickness was ready and the next challenge was to make a case around it and which needed to be waterproof. Challenge 3: The Case Challenge After the movement was developed Desai brought in B.V. Nagraj who was the head of the product engineering in order to tackle the challenge of making the case. With the working prototypes of the movement the team members decided to go to Switzerland to the famous Watch Fair in Basel, to meet the Swiss who are considered the master of watch making and ask them to make a waterproof case around the movement. In terms of styling, design, reliability and quality everything is with reference to the Swiss in the watch industry. Even the Titan team believed that the Swiss were the ultimate and they would have the solution to their problem. But to their shock the Swiss were actually surprised that an Indian manufacturer had made the movement. When Titan team members asked them to make a casing of 3.5mm thickness many of them told them that they had gone crazy. Many of the manufacturers took the prototype back to their factories but they came back and said that its not possible. Some of the VPs were quite surprised that an Indian company could even think of something of such a high magnitude. Thus, the team had to return back to India without any progress. The challenges were that the casing had to serve three functions simultaneously. The first one was that it needed to be just 3.5mm in thickness. Secondly, it would have to be water-resistant and lastly it should be good looking in design parameters as well. Thus for this breakthrough was required for the case: the top glass, the back cover and the crown which is the winding key on the side of the watch. The usual thickness of the glass is around 1-1.2 mm but for a watch of 3.5mm thickness the glass would have to be around 0.3mm which is 75 per cent reduction in the thickness. The glass should have the same strength as the standard glass and in addition it should be water-resistant as well. The team met Desai and said that Swiss cannot do it. So Desai asked his famous question to the team that What are you going to do about it? How will you overcome the problem? The team members told him that if the Swiss cannot make it than we will make it. Desai was confident that they will be able to make the case in-hose but the rest of the organization was not. It took some time for the organization to believe that it was possible. If the Swiss cant do it, than we will became the rallying cry. The fact that the Swiss could not make it energized them instead of de-energizing them. The design team had to be convinced and inspired in order to make the case which would be 3.5mm thick and the tolerances would be as thick as a single hair. The case had to look aesthetically pleasing as well. Thus a complete paradigm shift was required in order to design the case for the movement. The next stage was manufacturing. Hari Rao was the chief manufacturing officer and he was very passionate about Indian manufacturing skills. When he was told that the Swiss could not make it, he promptly said that we will make it and took it as a challenge. Getting Hari Rao on board was a simple challenge but getting the general managers of the case manufacturing and assembly was a tough task. Rafique Ahmed the GM of the case manufacturing was a practical kind of a person and he would prefer to maximize the productivity rather than trying something new. It was not east to enroll him but when he was told the fact that even Swiss could not do it struck a chord and he agreed to make the case provided that the design team would crack the glass challenge. The problem with the glass was its thickness. No glass existed at 0.3mm which could withstand the rigors of daily wearing. The solution was found with sapphire glass as it was far sturdier and more reliable than the normal glass. It could be made much thinner and still it would not break. The team located a niche sapphire making glass-company called Steatlar in Switzerland which was able to make the glass of required thickness for the case. Challenge 4: Prototype Challenges There were several challenges faced while making the prototype. The biggest challenge was that the metal was thin on all the sides. Fixing the glass so that the watch would be waterproof was another challenge which the team faced. This was because of the thickness of the case between the glass and the watch needed to be in proportion with the thickness of the entire watch in order to make the watch aesthetically good looking. Drilling the hole for the crown was another challenge because the thickness of metal below the hole was just 0.1mm and hence it kept splitting. Finally the team figured out a way to do both the things. At no point of time reengineering was possible because there were no references available. Everything needed to be innovated like new jigs and new tools in order to make the case. Even the strap was a challenge. Making the strap was also a paradigm shift. The strap needed to be thin enough in order to match the thickness of edge. The strap supplier had never made such a thin strap before but today he thanks Titan because he can sell these ultra-slim straps abroad at premium rates. There were several such challenges to be overcome. And one by one they were. Finally the case was ready and it was given for the final assembly. Assembling the entire watch together was another major challenge. The clearances had come down drastically. Initially for other watches the clearances were around 150 microns but for the Edge the clearances came down to 100 microns. The challenges multiplied with a factor of ten as very fine clearance between the hands caused them to clash with each other and this needed to be tackled too. Finally, the watch began to come together. It wasnt easy for the team to handle the fights and arguments which used to come up due to frustration. There were constant fights due to the tolerances. Everyone wanted to increase the tolerance but then they were explained the significance of Titan Edge and they were told that it is not like any other watch. After all the hard times finally the watch was ready. The Titan team manufactured about fifteen to twenty Edge watches in thirteen different shape variations which were then sent to Switzerland for testing. Testing: The prototypes were sent to Chronofiable SA, Switzerland for testing which is a world renowned independent Horological testing Agency. The watches were subjected to various types of testing such as high temperature test, low temperature test, temperature shock tests, bump tests and drop tests etc. all spread over a period of eight weeks. After all the tests were conducted, the Titan Edge was certified as not only reliable but it was also certified as water-resistant up to 30 meters. The watch was also tested internally at Titan and the interesting thing is the manner in which they were tested by Dwarkanath. He was of the opinion that the agencies can check the watch thoroughly but they cannot replicate the real life conditions. He threw the Edge against a wall, and then threw it in the floor at different angles in order to check whether its safe. He chucks it into the swimming pool in order to check whether it is water-resistant or not. Finally he tied the watch to the shock absorbers of his car and made several trips on the terrible roads between Bangalore and Hosur, covering 200 km in all. The Edge passed these tests too. Conclusion

Bryophyte And Pteropyte Life Cycles :: essays research papers

Although Bryophytes and Pterophytes are both plant divisions with a common ancestor, they have little in common. While Bryophytes (mosses) are generally nonvascular and very short in height, Pterophytes (ferns) are vascular plants that usually grow much taller than mosses. While the dominant generation in mosses is the gametophyte, ferns exhibit the sporophyte generation. The details of their alternations of generation vary as well, although both have diploid and haploid stages. Alteration of generations is defined as a life cycle in which there is both a multicellular diploid form, the sporophyte, and a multicellular haploid form, the gametophyte. Meiosis in mosses produces haploid spores. This process occurs in a sporangium, a capsule in fungi and plants in which meiosis takes place and haploid spores develop. After fertilization, the sporophyte zygote grows out of the parent gametophyte. At the end of this stalk is the sporangium. Meiosis occurs and the haploid spores disperse. In ferns, the mature sporophyte (2N) has small spots on the undersides of its leaves. These are clusters of the Pterophyte sporangia, called sori. As in mosses, meiosis occurs in the sporangia, which then release spores, continuing the cycle. Mitosis in Bryophytes begins germination, or growth. It directly follows meiosis. As mitotic division continues, protonemata (1N) are formed. They grow until they are mature gametophytes. In Pterophytes, mitosis occurs directly after fertilization. The zygote divides and grows until it peeks out of the parent gametophyte, then it matures until it can release its own spores. Mosses exhibit the embryophyte condition, which means their gametes develop with protective sheaths of cells. This was an adaptation that allowed plants to become hardier. Mosses have two sexes of gametangia; the male gametangium is called an antheridium, and the female is called an archegonium. Eggs are produced in the archegonium and sperm in the antheridium. In order for fertilization to take place, the sperm must swim through moisture to the archegonium. This is why mosses must live in damp environments to survive- they cannot reproduce without moisture. The zygote develops within the archegonial cavity. Ferns are usually homosporous as well (there is a single type of spore; the gametophyte is bisexual). In ferns, the archegonia and antheridia mature at different times, which means there is cross fertilization between gametophytes and thus more genetic variation. Sperm from the antheridia swim to the archegonia where the zygote develops. Like mosses, ferns also need a moist envir onment for fertilization to occur.

Multimedia Courseware Shell Proposal Essay

A new experimental degree program, the Bachelor of Applied Business Program (BAB), was launched Spring Quarter 1994 by Continuing Education and Extension. BAB is a practitioners’ degree for the working adult student. The emphasis in the program is on learning skills and accessing information to apply to solving practical workplace problems in a rapidly changing business world. The program was developed with substantial involvement of the Inver Hills Community College, the business community in the Twin Cities area, and the University of Minnesota’s Continuing Education and Extension (CEE) unit. This is the first degree program offered by CEE, and—if successful—it will serve as a model for redefining â€Å"outreach† in the urban corridor to fulfill part of the land grant mission of the University of Minnesota. We are currently in the process of developing the course materials and selecting faculty to teach in the program for Fall Quarter 1994. Note that the three distinguishing features of the BAB program include a number of technical features, graphic elements, or applications that could be significantly enhanced by multimedia courseware: †¢ Courses are being designed with substantial involvement of area businesses to give students â€Å"hands on† experience, including leading and participating in group work; skills for managing upward and downward business relationships; storing, accessing, and retrieving information; creating and implementing budgets, operations flowcharts, schedules, and staffing plans. †¢ Learning outcomes will be specified for each course and applications-related competencies will be integrated into courses across the curriculum. These will include emphases on writing, speaking, and visual communication; using technology and information management techniques, engaging in applied problem-solving and critical thinking skills, working in teams, quality in the workplace, ethics, and the dynamics and management of a diverse workforce. †¢ Practicum/project work will also be an important aspect of the BAB curriculum and students will be encouraged to develop and maintain a portfolio of their coursework and practical experiences which can later be used as evidence of the competencies that they have developed. Our business partners stressed that the BAB upper division courses must be applied and skills-oriented, making use of interactive learning modules that model actual workplace situations. Moreover, the courses must integrate both medium and message into a fast-paced, electronically connected, multimedia learning environment that requires that students take the initiative and work on real projects with limited supervision. Project Description Under an earlier MinneMac grant the principal investigator, Elizabeth Michaels, collaborated with Deborah Henderson and Ann Douglas to create WAC (Writing Across the Curriculum), a courseware shell, for delivering instruction in writing, pharmacy, and business courses. This shell has been used extensively in the English Department since 1990, at Grace High School since 1991, and for the past two years, in five Central and Eastern European countries: Bulgaria, the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, and Slovakia. The major shortcomings of WAC are its lack of graphics or visual capabilities and its lack of integration with other software packages. However, if we could integrate the basic principles of text delivery that we have already developed in WAC with the capabilities of the PowerMac 7100—specifically with its AV Video, CD-ROM, and color display, we could develop a powerful multimedia component that will teach students how to manage a business â€Å"from their desktops.† Moreover, by linking to other programs, like Microsoft Projectâ„ ¢, Excelâ„ ¢, or Directorâ„ ¢, we can create a multi-functional learning tool that can be used in labs and for distance learning throughout Minnesota. The multimedia courseware shell we propose to develop will provide an innovative and easily updated method of delivering timely, practical, high quality business courses to working adults. The PowerMac 7100 which we are requesting will be used initially by the multimedia courseware development team: Elizabeth Michaels, Principal Investigator (English); Mr. Pat Lingren, Program Director (CEE); and our project consultant, William Rudel (Carlson School of Management). After the courseware has been developed and alpha tested, faculty designing the target courses will be trained in the use of the courseware shell to develop their own multimedia course modules. The project we propose, therefore, is to design an interactive, multimedia courseware shell, initially for four key courses in the curriculum. The BAB MultiMedia Courseware shell (BAB-MMC) will enable us (1) to develop multimedia case studies and (2) to create course materials which will enable students to integrate various project planning, database, spreadsheet, business graphics, and electronic mail packages with textual information in their classes. The BAB-MMC will serve two purposes: as a training tool for innovative and experimental curriculum development for BAB faculty and as a teaching/learning tool for BAB students. The following is a description of the four courses and how we will use the BAB-MMC in each of them. 1. Planning and Implementing at the Business Unit Level (4 cr.) This course focuses on creating and implementing plans such as operations flowcharts, budgets, schedules, and staffing plans at the business unit level. The BAB-MMC will integrate these flowcharts, budgets, schedules, and staffing plans as well as the presentational software for creating written and oral briefings for presenting, monitoring, and revising these plans. It will also contain strategic planning instruction and forecasting techniques. Moreover, the course will make use of multimedia case studies to give students practice in solving real logistics and planning problems. 2. Project Management in Practice (4 cr.) This course has two objectives: (1) to teach students about project management and the various tools and techniques available to the project lead in such areas as scheduling, coordinating, allocating resources, and monitoring project activities; and (2) to provide students with the opportunity to carry out a field project and put the tools of project management into practice. These projects will be carried out in teams whenever possible. The BAB-MMC will integrate into the course a number of the abovementioned project management tools which will then be used by the students in recording and reporting on their field experiences. The students will also communicate electronically with the instructor and regularly post messages to a class bulletin board as a means of communicating progress and requesting help with problems. 3. Accessing and Using Information Effectively (4 cr.) This course begins with a conceptualization of the role of information in business operations including information systems and data management. The BAB-MMC will serve as a tool for developing short case studies and exercises, which include data-based, text-based, oral, written, and multimedia elements. Students will learn to access external information for the firm through library resources, information search services, CD-ROMs, and periodicals and internal information through desktop database systems, e-mail, or computer conferencing. 4. Practicum (4 cr.) Two of the three forms the practicum could take are (1) to develop a business plan for a new venture or (2) to complete a portfolio of projects which demonstrate transferable skills from previous courses or fieldwork. The BAB-MMC will take the current course materials that we have developed for the business plan and convert them into self-study units which will integrate spreadsheet, cash flow analysis, financial analysis, and graphics packages capable of creating organizational charts and other business graphics to enhance and simplify the preparation of a complete business plan and its pro formas. The third form a practicum could take is a supervised project at the student’s workplace or at another location. For this option, the BAB-MMC will set up a course Website where the students report electronically to the instructor and other students. This will minimize the need for site visits and enable one professor to manage and respond to the individual need s of six to eight students who are enrolled in the practicum in any quarter more efficiently. Evaluation The BAB-MMC will be evaluated by the developers conducting user testing on the shell and sample modules and by instructors developing modules for their courses to determine its ease of use and effectiveness as a classroom tool. Students will be asked to evaluate the BAB-MMC as part of their regular course evaluations at the end of each quarter. We will also have two representatives of the Digital Media Center conduct an independent evaluation of the multimedia courseware shell as a teaching/learning tool. Quantitative and qualitative data will be collected.